Onco Actu du 4 mai 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Understanding the diversity of cancer evolution based on computational simulation [University of Tokyo] Constructing a mathematical basis for developing therapeutic strategies against cancer using a supercomputer.
Researchers Find New Insights Linking Cell Division to Cancer [Huntsman Cancer Institute] “Using our imaging methods, we were able to see a process that only occurs over the course of about five minutes during cell division, something that would have been very difficult to study otherwise.”
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
EMA recommendations on DPD testing prior to treatment with fluorouracil, capecitabine, tegafur and flucytosine [EMA] EMA has recommended that patients should be tested for the lack of the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) before starting cancer treatment with fluorouracil given by injection or infusion (drip) or with the related medicines, capecitabine and tegafur.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Treatment Clues Gleaned From Molecular Features in Rare Kidney Cancer Type [Genome Web] Rare renal medullary carcinoma kidney cancers are marked by frequent focal chromosomal changes and other mutations that may inform future treatment strategies, according to a new study from investigators at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, the Baylor College of Medicine, and other centers in the US and France.
New MDS Subtype Proposed Based on Presence of Genetic Mutation [ASH] International working group says the SF3B1 variant identifies a distinct disease entity, should inform WHO guidelines.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Researchers Identify Molecular Markers That May Help Predict Disease Recurrence Risk For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients [Johns Hopkins] In a bid to identify high risk molecular markers in TNBC, the researchers examined breast cancer tissue from 110 TNBC patients from archival tissue repositories at Johns Hopkins University, University of Iowa, and Duke University to look for the biological footprints of DNA methylation, an epigenetic process that can chemically silence tumor suppressor genes, and has been well-documented across many types of cancer.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Schizophrenia drug combined with radiation shows promise in treating deadly brain tumors [UCLA] The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that a combination of radiation and the drug trifluoperazine not only targets glioblastoma cells but also helps overcome the resistance to treatment so common to this aggressive form of cancer.
New targets for childhood brain tumors identified [WUSTL] New research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis indicates that the growth of these brain tumors is driven by nearby noncancerous neurons and immune cells, and that targeting immune cells slows tumor growth in mice.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Breast and ovarian cancer drug effective in advanced prostate cancer [Cancer Research UK] The targeted cancer drug olaparib is designed to take advantage of a weakness in some prostate cancers’ ability to repair damaged DNA. The treatment was found to block prostate cancer growth more effectively than hormone treatments in some men with faults in genes linked to DNA repair, including BRCA.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Improving immunotherapy for cancer [Technical University of Munich] “We were able to identify the excessive production of the breakdown product from glucose metabolism as a characteristic feature of suppressor cells in the tumor and at the same time to attribute inhibition of cancer-specific immunity to this suppressive metabolite,” explained Dr. Bastian Höchst.
	5.12.4 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ESSAIS
Novel Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Combination Extended Survival in Some Patients With Lethal Biliary Tract Cancers [Johns Hopkins] Patients were randomized to receive the anti-PD1 immunotherapy atezolizumab alone (single treatment arm) or atezolizumab in combination with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib (combination treatment arm).
	5.2.5 PHARMA - BMS
Bristol Myers Squibb gets priority review for AML drug as list of potential Celgene hits lengthens [EndPoints] The priority review adds to the growing body of evidence Bristol Myers Squibb can point to in defense of their $74 billion acquisition of Celgene.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Accepts for Priority Review Bristol Myers Squibb’s Application for CC-486 for Maintenance Treatment of Adult Patients in Remission with Acute Myeloid Leukemia [BMS] U.S. FDA set target action date of September 3, 2020.
Bristol Myers' leukemia hopeful snags speedy FDA review [Fierce Biotech] The filing is based on phase 3 data revealed in December showing the drug, CC-486, beat placebo at extending the lives of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA approves niraparib for first-line maintenance of advanced ovarian cancer [FDA] The trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in PFS for patients randomized to niraparib compared with placebo in the homologous recombination deficient and overall population.
Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 28-30 April 2020 [EMA] The Committee recommended granting a marketing authorisation for Daurismo* (glasdegib) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, a cancer of a type of immature white blood cell called myeloid cells.
FDA approves daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj for multiple myeloma [FDA] Efficacy of daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihji (monotherapy) was evaluated in COLUMBA (NCT03277105), an open-label non-inferiority trial randomizing 263 patients to daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj and 259 to intravenous daratumumab (daratumumab IV).
Genmab Announces U.S. FDA Approval of Subcutaneous Formulation of Daratumumab, DARZALEX FASPRO™ (daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj), for the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma [Genmab] In the studies, the fixed-dose subcutaneous formulation reduced treatment time from hours to minutes and demonstrated similar efficacy and safety with significantly fewer infusion-related reactions compared with the intravenous formulation.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
High Cost of Cancer Drugs Not Always Justified [University of Zurich] An international UZH study has concluded that, in general, there is no correlation between costs of a cancer drugs and their clinical benefit. The researchers are therefore calling for the clinical benefit of drugs to be better reflected in pricing.
	5.5 ASCO
ASCO Announces Top Studies to Be Presented During Virtual Cancer Science Meeting, May 29-31 [ASCO] New Research on the Impact of COVID-19 on Patients With Cancer, Precision Medicine, and Access to Care to be Featured in the ASCO20 Virtual Scientific Program.
	5.9.12 AACR - BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
AACR Virtual Annual Meeting I: Two Liquid Biopsy Tests Offer Promise of Early Detection of Cancer [Cancer Research Catalyst] “Ultimately, we would need to show improved survival measured by prospective studies, and both groups are moving in this direction, which is exciting and courageous,” Huntsman said. “The cost-effectiveness of any assay is going to be critical as we move forward, because no system has infinite resources.”
New TraceRx Data Adds Evidence for Adjuvant Liquid Biopsy Minimal Residual Disease Testing [Genome Web] In the AACR presentation this week, Chris Abbosh, a University College London oncologist and researcher, said that the continued focus on MRD in TraceRx reflects how much stands to be gained if care for early-stage lung cancer patients can be better personalized.
	5.9.9 AACR - IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
AACR Virtual Annual Meeting I: Results Presented Provide Basis for FDA Decision to Approve Alternative Pembrolizumab Dosing Schedule [Cancer Research UK The results Lala reported were from cohort B of the phase I KEYNOTE-555 clinical trial, which is ongoing at this time.
	6.15 LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS - COVID-19
Covid-19 has put cancer patients and research at huge risk [Cancer Research UK] Patients are missing out on vital care and charities funding research have been hit by the pandemic, says Prof Ara Darzi.
Deaths in people with cancer could rise by at least 20% [UCL] The COVID-19 emergency in England could result in at least 20% more deaths over the next 12 months in people who have been newly diagnosed with cancer, according to a UCL study with DATA-CAN: The Health Data Research Hub for Cancer in the UK.
Helping Cancer Survivors Cope with Cancer-Related Anxiety and Distress [NCI] The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in new sources of anxiety and stress for many cancer patients and survivors. For several reasons, COVID-19 “has been a significant added burden” for patients with cancer, said clinical psychologist Shelley Johns, Psy.D., of the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University.
Cancer Patients Face High Mortality from COVID-19 [Albert Einstein College of Medicine] Largest Study of Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Provides Guidance on How to Protect This Vulnerable Population.