Onco Actu du 29 mai 2020

	2.13 ETIOLOGIE - NDMA
FDA Alerts Patients and Health Care Professionals to Nitrosamine Impurity Findings in Certain Metformin Extended-Release Products [FDA] The agency is in contact with five firms to recommend they voluntarily recall their products.
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - POUMON
AI could predict risk of lung cancer coming back [Cancer Research UK] The paper was published in Nature Medicine and is showcased alongside 8 other TRACERx publications on the Nature website.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Cancer drugs cause large cells that resist treatment; scientist aims to stop it [University of Texas] Dr. Mahadevan found that two cancer-causing genes, called c-Myc and BCL2, are operative in “double-hit” high-grade lymphomas, which are incurable. “These genes are part of the problem, because when they are present, they help the lymphoma cells to live longer and prime them to become large cells with treatment,” he said.
Blocking tumor signals can hinder cancer’s spread [Penn Medicine] Using an inhibitor of the enzyme known as p38α kinase (p38), they successfully reduced the spread of melanoma in a mouse model, significantly prolonging survival time.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Designer antibodies fight cancer by tethering immune cells to tumor cells [Science] Those new players in immunotherapy are no panacea yet. For some blood cancers, the bispecific antibodies aren’t giving patients the long-lasting remissions often seen with CAR T cells. As happened with CAR T cells, several patients have died in trials testing bispecific antibodies, possibly from overzealous immune responses sparked by the drugs.
	5.2.1 PHARMA - PARTENARIATS
Bristol Myers jumps into synthetic lethality with $65M Repare deal [Fierce Biotech] Repare’s CRISPR-based platform identifies synthetic lethal gene pairs, which cause cell death when both genes are inactivated. In cancer cells, one of these genes is inactivated by a mutation; the other will be switched off by a drug.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Sacituzumab Govitecan Approved for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer [NCI] The new approval was based on findings from a phase 2 clinical trial that was sponsored by Immunomedics, the drug’s manufacturer. The trial enrolled 108 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, and all the participants received sacituzumab govitecan.
	5.5.1 ASCO (GÉNÉRAL)
Sneak Peek at ASCO 2020 Plenary Sessions [OBR] Late-breaking data dropped for three potentially practice-changing studies that will be presented during Sunday’s Plenary Session: JAVELIN Bladder 100, KEYNOTE-177, and ADAURA.
ASCO 2020 Late-Breakers Showcase Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer and More [OBR] The studies cover new data from two cancer registries (CCC19 and TERAVOLT) assessing the impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer, and results from the TROPHIMMUN trial and INFORM registry.
	5.5.10 ASCO (HÉMATO)
Combination therapy well-tolerated and highly effective for patients with IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Findings suggest AML treatments may be tailored to individual molecular profiles.
	5.5.14 ASCO (VESSIE ET VOIES URINAIRES)
Immunotherapy Following Chemotherapy Offers Extended Survival to Patients with Advanced Urothelial Cancer [ASCO] When combined with best supportive care, avelumab treatment resulted in a median overall survival of 21.4 months compared with 14.3 months for best supportive care alone.
	5.5.16 ASCO (MÉDECINE DE PRÉCISION)
Large Scale Precision Medicine Approach Successfully Applied to Pediatric Cancers With Poor Prognosis [ASCO] In all, 149 patients received targeted treatment based on the targets identified using the algorithm at the discretion of their clinical pediatric oncologist. There were no clinically relevant differences in overall survival.
	5.5.18 ASCO (OBSERVATION)
Early Data Show Cancer Progression Associated With Increased Risk of Death in Patients With COVID-19 [ASCO] Treatment with combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin also strongly associated with greater risk of death.
Chemo Within 3 Months of COVID-19 Diagnosis Associated With an Increased Risk of Death in Patients With Thoracic Cancer [ASCO] Only patients treated with chemotherapy (alone or in combination with other therapies) within 3 months of COVID-19 diagnosis had a significantly increased risk (64%) of dying from the virus compared with patients not receiving chemotherapy.
	5.5.19 ASCO (REIN)
Novel targeted drug induced positive response for patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease–associated kidney cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] MD Anderson led Phase II study may lead to first systemic therapy for VHL disease.
	5.5.4 ASCO (IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES)
KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) plus LENVIMA® (lenvatinib) Combination Demonstrated Clinically Meaningful Tumor Response Rates in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma [Merck] Analyses from KEYTRUDA Plus LENVIMA Trials to be Presented at 2020 ASCO Annual Meeting.
	5.5.4.7 ASCO (IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES- GASTRO-INTESTINAL)
ASCO: Merck's Keytruda doubles time to disease progression in certain colorectal cancer patients [Fierce Pharma] “These long-awaited trial results will change clinical practice,” lead study author Thierry André, M.D., said in a statement.
Merck’s KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Superior to Standard of Care Chemotherapy in Patients with MSI-H Colorectal Cancer [Merck] KEYNOTE-177 is the First Positive Head-to-Head Phase 3 Trial of a Single-Agent, Anti-PD-1 Therapy Compared to Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Patients with MSI-H Colorectal Cancer.
Pembrolizumab Doubles Time to Disease Progression in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer With Specific DNA Mutations [ASCO] Progression-free survival with first-line pembrolizumab was 16.5 months compared with 8.2 months with chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy, establishing pembrolizumab as the new standard of care for patients with microsatellite instability high/mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
	5.5.7 ASCO (GYNÉCO)
ASCO: Pfizer, Merck KGaA's Bavencio posts win in rare gynecological cancer [Fierce Pharma] While the data aren’t practice-changing—doctors will need more evidence before switching up the way they treat the disease, lead author Benoit You, M.D., Ph.D said—"these are highly promising results.”
Immunotherapy Avelumab Shows Potential in Rare Gynecologic Cancer Resistant to Chemotherapy [ASCO] This is the first trial exploring use of immunotherapy in patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT) and suggests that avelumab may be a new therapeutic option for these patients.
	5.5.8 ASCO (POUMON)
Updated data demonstrate Roche’s Alecensa increases overall survival rate for people with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer [Roche] ALEX study is the first global phase III study to show a clinically meaningful benefit in overall survival at five years (62.5% with Alecensa), compared with crizotinib (45.5%).
	5.5.8 ASCO (POUMON) - OSIMERTINIB
AstraZeneca bid to expand lung cancer drug's use boosted by trial data [Biopharma Dive] The British drugmaker is now preparing to ask the Food and Drug Administration to clear Tagrisso for use in this setting, called adjuvant treatment. An approval could boost sales of the medicine, which at more than $3 billion a year is AstraZeneca's top-selling product.
ASCO: AstraZeneca's Tagrisso, headed for big sales boost, cuts lung cancer recurrence by 83% [Fierce Pharma] “This trial is a home run. It exceeded our expectations,” lead study author Roy Herbst, M.D., PhD., said in a statement.
AstraZeneca trumpets the good data they found for Tagrisso in an adjuvant setting for NSCLC — but many of the experts aren’t cheering along [EndPoints] The disease-free survival numbers look good, the skeptics concede, but when you’re out to cure patients at this stage, it’s the overall survival data you want in hand to make a call like this. And when researchers jumped early, the OS data weren’t on hand, just evidence of a trend in the drug’s favor — which doesn’t count among biostatisticians.
Tagrisso demonstrated unprecedented disease-free survival in the adjuvant treatment of Stage IB-IIIA patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer [AstraZeneca] Phase III ADAURA trial showed treatment with Tagrisso after surgery with curative intent reduced the risk of disease recurrence or death by c. 80%.
Osimertinib After NSCLC Surgery Keeps Cancer at Bay for Patients With Key Mutation [AJMC] The results have important implications for managed care. Many patients in the study who today would receive surgery and chemotherapy would see a recurrence. In addition, the ability to treat these patients more effectively at earlier stages raises new questions about the need to conduct more lung cancer screening.
Post-Surgery Osimertinib Delays Disease Recurrence in Patients With Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [ASCO] Results of the multinational randomized controlled phase III ADAURA trial were compelling enough that the independent data monitoring committee recommended early unblinding.