Onco Actu du 29 avril 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Immune Cell Shifts Mark Microenvironments of Precursor Cases Progressing to Multiple Myeloma [Genome Web] "The discovery that the immune microenvironment is abnormal even at very early stages of the disease may suggest strategies for targeting myeloma before it becomes malignant."
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
Novel Tool Enables Study of Rare Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] In addition to having broad applications for a range of cell types, the team reports that this tool has already uncovered details about one particular RBP, called Musashi-2. Musashi-2 helps stem cells in the blood become more-specialized cell types.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Drug prevents severe cardiac events in children undergoing chemotherapy for AML [EurekAlert!] The cardioprotective drug dexrazoxane preserved cardiac function in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without compromising overall patient survival and potentially improving it, according to a new study by researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Major trial shows breast cancer drug can hit prostate cancer Achilles heel [Institute of Cancer Research] The final results from the PROfound trial, published in the prestigious journal the New England Journal of Medicine today (Tuesday), are set to herald the landmark approval of olaparib in prostate cancer in the US and Europe this year.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Boosting Dendritic Cells Helps the Immune System Find Pancreatic Cancer [NCI] Treating the mice with drugs that boost the number and activity of dendritic cells triggered an immune response that slowed the growth of pancreatic tumors, the researchers discovered. Combining the drug treatment with radiation therapy was even more effective, causing pancreatic tumors in the mice to shrink.
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
Merck grabs FDA green light for less-frequent Keytruda dosing regimen [Fierce Pharma] Merck will make the new regimen available in addition to the current dose of 200mg every three weeks, but it’ll represent a much more convenient—and safe, amid the COVID-19 pandemic—option for patients, who will have to come in twice as often to receive the drug.
FDA Approves Merck’s KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) for Use at an Additional Recommended Dose of 400 mg Every Six Weeks for All Approved Adult Indications [Merck] This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on pharmacokinetic data, the relationship of exposure to efficacy and the relationship of exposure to safety.
	5.17 TRAITEMENTS - RADIOTHÉRAPIE
One-week course of radiotherapy could benefit women with early stage breast cancer, study finds [Institute of Cancer Research] A pioneering study involving more than 4,000 patients evaluated the effectiveness of two different radiotherapy doses each delivered over five days in one week compared with standard radiotherapy currently delivered in 15 doses over three weeks. Today, results of the FAST-Forward trial are published in The Lancet.
	5.2.6 PHARMA - BIOTECH
Blueprint stumbles in PhIII GIST trial, sending stock sliding, but analysts preach caution [EndPoints] Results are now in from that Phase III trial and they spelled a death-knell.
Blueprint Medicines Announces Top-line Results from Phase 3 VOYAGER Trial of Avapritinib versus Regorafenib in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor [Blueprint] VOYAGER did not meet the primary endpoint of an improvement in progression-free survival for avapritinib versus regorafenib in patients with third- or fourth-line GIST.
	5.9.12 AACR - BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Thrive, chasing Grail with a cancer blood test, finds tumors in seemingly healthy women [Biopharma Dive] "This session will be remembered as when we saw the big data that says these assays should be broadly applicable," said Antoni Ribas, the president-elect of AACR.
Third Rock-backed startup's blood test can sniff out cancer in patients with no history of disease [EndPoints] The company, aptly named Thrive Earlier Detection, is betting on CancerSEEK — its blood test-in-development designed to sniff out a wide variety of cancer types by interrogating genomic mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as well as protein markers in plasma that have been implicated in cancer.
DNA blood test spots cancers in seemingly cancer-free women, but also produces false alarms [Science] In the first trial of such a test in a large, general population, instead of in groups with known tumors or at high risk of cancer, researchers screened nearly 10,000 women with CancerSEEK, an assay for circulating tumor DNA developed at Johns Hopkins University. It detected 26 previously unknown tumors, they report online in Science and at a virtual session of an American Association for Cancer Research meeting today.
Blood test helped detect cancer before symptoms, study finds [Medical XPress] "This is not at the place where it could be used today," said Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer for the American Cancer Society. "It will need many more studies to demonstrate value," including whether it improves survival, he said.
Results From DETECT-A – The First Prospective, Interventional Study of a Blood-Based Multicancer Test [Thrive] Findings Published in the Journal Science.
	5.9.3 AACR - MÉLANOME
AACR Virtual Meeting I: Improving Responses to BRAF and MEK Inhibitors in Melanoma [Cancer Research Catalyst] Just in time for the upcoming Melanoma Awareness Month, two studies presented Monday at the Opening Clinical Plenary Session at the AACR Virtual Meeting I examined different strategies for addressing these challenges to improve treatment for melanoma.
	6.15 LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS - COVID-19
First Results from the TERAVOLT Registry: mortality among thoracic cancer patients with COVID-19 is unexpectedly high [ESMO] Mortality rates do not appear to be associated with any specific type of treatment or comorbidity in this patient group.
Virus crisis could lead to 18,000 more cancer deaths, experts warn [The Guardian] Analysis models impact over next year of delays in getting diagnosis and treatment.
'Cancer patients like me are just getting forgotten about' [The Guardian] Covid-19 has led to hospitals suspending cancer treatment and deterred some from seeking care. Here, one patient tells his story.
Patients with certain cancers are nearly three times as likely to die of covid-19, study says [Washington Post] Those with blood or lung malignancies, or tumors that have spread throughout the body, were at highest risk of complications and death.