Onco Actu du 24 avril 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Discovering a Key to the Survival of Dormant Breast Cancer Cells [Dartmouth] The team discovered that an anti-diabetes drug, metformin, which is being tested in many clinical trials as an anti-cancer agent, actually activated fat metabolism that protected dormant breast cancer cells during estrogen deprivation.
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Normal human uterus is colonised by clones with cancer-driving mutations that arise early in life, study finds [Sanger Institute] Laser-capture microscopy was used to isolate 292 endometrial glands from womb tissue samples donated by 28 women aged 19 to 81 years, before DNA from each gland was whole-genome sequenced. The team then searched for somatic mutations in each gland by comparing them with whole genome sequences from other tissues from the same individuals.
	4.15 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - IMAGERIE
Artificial intelligence can categorize cancer risk of lung nodules [EurekAlert!] When compared to the conventional risk models clinicians currently use, the algorithm developed by the team of researchers in a very large dataset (15,693 nodules) reclassified indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) into low-risk or high-risk categories in over a third of cancers and benign nodules.
	4.3 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - INDUSTRIELS
Agilent Receives FDA Approval for PD-L1 Companion Diagnostic on Dako Omnis [Agilent] Dako Omnis is Agilent’s fully automated, walk-away solution for staining tumor samples that provides a flexible, high-throughput diagnostic service integrated into the core of the laboratory workflow.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Game theory suggests more efficient cancer therapy [Cornell] Cancer cells not only ravage the body – they also compete with each other. Cornell mathematicians are using game theory to model how this competition could be leveraged, so cancer treatment – which also takes a toll on the patient’s body – might be administered more sparingly, with maximized effect.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
New targeted agent produces considerable responses in trial with patients with uterine serous carcinoma [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] The drug tested in the study – adavosertib – takes advantage of an inherent weakness in the relentless growth of some cancer cells. Their non-stop proliferation creates a condition known as replication stress, where their ability to duplicate their DNA effectively is significantly impaired.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Pancreatic Cancer Cells Hijack Basic Cell Mechanism to Evade Immunotherapy [NYU Langone] Published online April 22 in Nature, the study results help to answer a longstanding question: why are pancreatic cancers so resistant to immunotherapies, which use the body’s own immune defenses to fight cancer?
Research Uncovers Details about How Gut Microbes Influence the Immune System [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] Ultimately, these findings could lead to a bacterial-based therapy for the treatment of IBD associated with imbalanced microbes and diminished Treg activity. But Dr. Rudensky says much more work is needed before this kind of treatment could be tested.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
NCI Initiative Aims to Boost CAR T-Cell Therapy Clinical Trials [NCI] The initial clinical trial supported by this effort will be the first trial to test a CAR T-cell therapy designed to target a protein on cancer cells called CD33 in children and young adults with advanced forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It will ultimately enroll patients at six different sites, starting at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
GSK presents new data from the GARNET study demonstrating potential of dostarlimab to treat a subset of women with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer [GSK] GlaxoSmithKline plc today announced data from an updated analysis of the GARNET trial, which demonstrated that dostarlimab, an investigational anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, provided clinically meaningful results in women with recurrent or advanced mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) endometrial cancer who progressed on or after a platinum-based regimen.
Merck Resubmits Supplemental Biologics License Applications (sBLAs) for KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Six-Week Dosing Schedule [Merck] Additional sBLAs Filed Across All Approved Adult Indications.
	5.17 TRAITEMENTS - RADIOTHÉRAPIE
New cancer treatment that tracks and zaps tumors coming to Stanford Medicine [Stanford] Researchers hope that this "biology-guided radiotherapy" will increase accuracy, safety and efficacy of cancer radiation treatment. Stanford physicians plan to test the X1 later this year through clinical trials at Stanford Hospital. Their first step will be to obtain approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
	5.2 PHARMA
Lynparza demonstrated overall survival benefit in Phase III PROfound trial for BRCA1/2 or ATM-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [AstraZeneca] Only PARP inhibitor to improve overall survival vs. new hormonal agent treatments for this advanced prostate cancer population with high unmet needs.
AstraZeneca's Lynparza shows further promise in prostate cancer study [Reuters] The treatment leads a class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors, which keep cancer cells damaged by chemotherapy from repairing themselves, and is a key asset for AstraZeneca with approvals in ovarian, breast and pancreatic cancers.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Roche culls key phase 3 drug trials, including a cancer med and an autism 'breakthrough' therapy [Fierce Biotech] Roche has also “removed” idasanutlin (RG7388), an investigational MDM2 inhibitor, which was being tested for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia in phase 3.
	5.2.6 PHARMA - BIOTECH
ORIC Pharma Gets $120M in IPO to Advance Drug-Resistant Cancer Therapies [Xconomy] The company says it will use the proceeds to finish a pair of ongoing Phase 1b trials studying its lead drug, ORIC-101, in combination with enzalutamide (Xtandi) in prostate cancer and nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) in advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA Approves New Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer That Has Spread, Not Responded to Other Treatments [FDA] The FDA approved Trodelvy based on the results of a clinical trial of 108 patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who had received at least two prior treatments for metastatic disease.
FDA grants accelerated approval for Immunomedics' breast cancer therapy [Reuters] Trodelvy injection, approved to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, comes with a boxed warning – the FDA's harshest – that flags risks of severe diarrhea and neutropenia, an abnormally low count of a type of white blood cell.
Immunomedics wins long-sought FDA approval for breast cancer drug [Biopharma Dive] Trodelvy, known up until now as sacituzumab govitecan, is for women with triple-negative breast cancer, a fast-moving tumor type with few treatment options.
Immunomedics Triple Negative Breast Cancer Drug Wins Early FDA Nod [Xconomy] Drugs reviewed on an accelerated basis still need to show additional clinical data in order to keep their approval. Two weeks ago, Immunomedics announced that a Phase 3 clinical trial that enrolled more than 500 patients is stopping early after an independent committee reviewing the study’s data found that the drug provided “compelling evidence of efficacy.”
FDA Grants Accelerated Approval for Immunomedics’ Trodelvy in Previously-Treated Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer [Immunomedics] First FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugate that targets the Trop-2 antigen.
Immunomedics finally wins its blockbuster FDA nod for Trodelvy in triple-negative breast cancer [Fierce Pharma] Data from a phase 1/2 study showed the ADC shrank tumors in about 33% of TNBC patients who had received a median of three prior lines of treatment, with the response lasting for a median 7.7 months.
	5.9 AACR
Bayer to highlight clinical data on Vitrakvi™ (larotrectinib) and research on investigational AhR inhibitor at AACR 2020 Virtual Meeting [Bayer] Featured research includes an oral presentation in the Plenary Session on efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with NTRK gene fusions or other alterations.
AACR 2020 preview – no Tigit, but plenty of novel mechanisms [Evaluate] Unveiling of the presentation titles for the first instalment of this year’s AACR meeting has revealed two surprises: the absence of keenly awaited clinical data on Roche’s anti-Tigit MAb tiragolumab, and the presence of a trio of studies on Ox40, an immuno-oncology target that had earlier fallen out of favour.
	6.15 LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS - COVID-19
First Report on the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Cancer in the US [ESMO] In an article published in the Annals of Oncology, they analysed the electronic medical records of Mount Sinai Health System in New York City and found 334 patients (6%) with cancer among 5,688 patients diagnosed with COVID-19.