Onco Actu du 27 février 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Structural framework for tumors also provides immune protection [Augusta University] In tumors, this structural framework is called cancer-associated fibroblasts, or CAFs, and Cui’s lab has found that in some cancers with a lot of CAFs, like more aggressive colorectal cancer, this often large mass of cells expresses high levels of the enzyme CD73, a common immune checkpoint.
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Breast cancer: altered chromosomes lead to treatment resistance [DKFZ] "The trick involving activating and then turning off genes allowed us to simulate targeted cancer treatment. Chromosome instability acts as a driver of genetic variability that confers a survival advantage through resistance development on the cancer cells under the treatment-related selection pressure."
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
'Electronic nose' sniffs out condition that can lead to cancer [NHS Choices] This was a group of people who were more likely to have Barrett's oesophagus, and studies in such samples often give better test results. We do not know whether breath testing a wider group of people in the general population would also identify people with Barrett's oesophagus to the same degree of accuracy.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Blood Test Can Predict Clinical Response to Immunotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [Penn Medicine] A clinical trial shows that in cases where the liquid biopsy detects higher volumes of mutations, patients with cancers that have spread are more likely to see a clinical benefit at six months, as well as to survive longer without seeing their disease progress.
	4.15 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - IMAGERIE
Surveillance Imaging After Surgery Does Not Improve Outcomes for Patients with Glioblastoma [University of Missouri] “The hypothesis was patients would do better if we did regular surveillance. The results indicated that for this population of patients, the outcome was equivalent whether they had surveillance or showed up when they had symptoms.”
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
MGI Deconstructs the Sequencer [Omics! Omics!] Tx isn't a specific instrument but a concept which can be realized in many ways. MGI sees it as a custom solution which will be optimized for each customer. It operates in a standard laboratory environment; no need for a clean room or extra sophisticated control of ambient temperature.
China’s BGI says it can sequence a genome for just $100 [MIT Technology Review] Super-cheap DNA sequencing could boost cancer screening, prenatal tests, and research into population genetics.
MGI Delivers the $100 Genome at AGBT Conference [GEN] Rade Drmanac capped off the 2020 AGBT by unveiling a new instrument and antibody-based chemistry that, for some users, can yield a $100 human genome sequence.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Genetic Impact of NeoAdj Breast Cancer Chemo [SWOG] Results from one of the first studies to determine the effects of pre-surgical, or neoadjuvant, chemotherapy on the breast cancer genome offer up two key insights.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Targeting Stromal Cells May Help Overcome Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma [Penn Medicine] Specifically, the researchers found that GBM causes these stromal cells to act like stem cells, naturally resisting attempts to kill them and promoting tumor growth instead. They also identified the pathway that makes this all possible and showed that blocking that pathway makes cancer vulnerable in a lab setting.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Clinical trial sponsors have to disclose decade’s worth of unreleased data, federal judge rules [EndPoints] It’s not clear, though, how the ruling will be enforced. The plaintiffs were overruled on a separate issue, in which they argued the FDA and NIH were not abiding by a statute requiring them to give public notice of noncompliance to companies not abiding by the FDAAA rules.
Missing clinical trial data must be made public, federal judge says [Science] Ruling would fill in a 10-year gap in compliance.
	5.12.4 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ESSAIS
Immune therapy reduces risk of recurrence in aggressive breast cancer [EurekAlert!] The international trial recruited 1,174 patients across 21 countries with Stage II and Stage III triple negative breast cancer - where the disease had not yet spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes. The research is published today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	5.2 PHARMA
FDA Advisory Committee Votes in Favor of Lilly's CYRAMZA® (ramucirumab) as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [Lilly] Regulatory submission based on the positive Phase 3 RELAY study of CYRAMZA in combination with erlotinib for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with activating EGFR mutations.
European Medicines Agency accepts submission of GSK’s Marketing Authorisation Application for Zejula (niraparib) in first-line maintenance treatment for women with platinum-responsive advanced ovarian cancer [GSK] Submission based on data from the Phase III PRIMA clinical study that demonstrated clinically meaningful outcomes of niraparib maintenance treatment in the first-line setting regardless of biomarker status.
	5.2.1 PHARMA - PARTENARIATS
Tying basic science to spinouts, Dana-Farber debuts sister funds totaling $126M with MPM Capital [EndPoints] What if they tied philanthropy to investment in Dana-Farber startups, requiring a donation to basic science as a condition for accessing its brightest biotech venture ideas?
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA approves neratinib for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer [FDA] Efficacy of neratinib with capecitabine was investigated in NALA (NCT01808573), a randomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial in 621 patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who received two or more prior anti-HER2 based regimens in the metastatic setting.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
NICE rejects Roche's new cancer med Polivy on lack of long-term evidence [Fierce Pharma] The European Commission approved Polivy in January based on a phase 1b/2 study that showed more patients responding and patients living longer with the addition of the drug to bendamustine and Rituxan.
Polatuzumab vedotin with rituximab and bendamustine for treating relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [NICE] The cost-effectiveness estimates for polatuzumab vedotin with rituximab and bendamustine are very uncertain because of limitations in the data and methods. It is considered a life-extending treatment at the end of life, but the cost-effectiveness estimates are too uncertain.
Polivy struck by NICE ‘no’ [Pharma Times] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has announced that it does not recommend Polivy (polatuzumab), Roche’s treatment for adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
Growing old with cancer [UICC] Ageing is a known risk factor for cancer and currently, 60% of people who have cancer are aged 65 and over. This figure is expected to double over the next two decades. UICC is partnering with Sanofi to help address the challenges of ageing with cancer.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS, POLITIQUES SCIENTIFIQUES
An Open Agenda: European Funder Approaches to Open Science [The Scholarly Kitchen] Funders could do even more to ensure their own practice matches their policy aspirations. This means investing in open scholarly communication infrastructure, scrutinizing publishing expenditure, including open criteria more in evaluation processes, and becoming active signatories and proponents of initiatives designed to promote responsible use of metrics, such as DORA, the Leiden Manifesto, and the TOP guidelines.