Onco Actu du 11 février 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Shape-Shifting Stem Cells Are Key to Cancer Metastasis and Immune Evasion [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] Focusing on lung cancer, the team discovered that the cell types in primary tumors and metastases fall along a spectrum of cells that regenerate injured tissue. The cell types in cancer that has spread are even more primitive than those in a primary tumor.
Scientists closer to finding ‘origin of ovarian cancer’ [Oxford Mail] The new technique, set out in the Cancer Cell journal is called single cell RNA sequencing.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
Finding a cure for Fido's brain cancer may help us find a cure for ourselves [The Jacskon Lab] As a whole, the results indicate that dogs provide an effective model for human gliomas, and learning how to more effectively treat our pets will likely inform better prognoses for human patients.
	2.5 ETIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Patient-partnered research finds clues about a rare cancer’s genetic roots [Broad Institute] The study, published in Nature Medicine, is a result of the Angiosarcoma Project (ASCproject), a partnership between patients with angiosarcoma, their loved ones, and scientists at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and a research initiative called Count Me In.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
Trump doesn’t want the FDA to regulate tobacco [STAT] The proposal also follows striking comments from the White House’s top domestic policy adviser Joe Grogan, who told reporters in November that it was a “moronic idea” for the FDA to regulate tobacco.
Trump budget plan could push tobacco oversight out of the FDA [CNN] The Trump administration wants to fundamentally change the way the US government regulates tobacco and e-cigarette products, and the plan to move regulatory authority out of the US Food and Drug Administration is being met with strong condemnation from the public health community.
Outdated EU cigarette tax rules blamed for slow drop in smoking [The Guardian] A pack of cigarettes still costs little more than £2 in parts of the EU, according to a European commission report that warns of a disappointing rate of reduction in smoking in recent years.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
E-cigarette taxes may drive vape users to traditional smokes, study says [UPI] In an analysis posted online Monday by the National Bureau of Economic Research, the authors conclude that raising taxes on e-cigarettes, or vaping devices, as a disincentive to consumers may drive people to purchase more traditional cigarettes.
	3.3 PRÉVENTION - VACCINS
Japan's halt of regular HPV vaccine to cause thousands of cancer deaths: study [Reuters] “If the government were to resume promoting the HPV vaccine in Japan, our study shows that we could avoid most of this loss of life,” said study co-author Sharon Hanley, a professor at Hokkaido University in northern Japan.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
An overview of precision oncology basket and umbrella trials for clinicians [CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians] This primer can also be used by clinical readers to critically evaluate future publications on basket and umbrella trials. Because increasing numbers of basket and umbrella trials will continue to be published, the current review serves to improve the general scientific literacy regarding these clinical trial designs.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Science team designs a new CAR they say may work much better than BCMAs in fighting multiple myeloma [EndPoints] Working with a protein engineer, the team produced an antibody that could hook onto CD229, an essential part of their new CAR-T. And it checked out in preclinical animal and cell models — leaving plenty of work ahead in the clinic if this ever gets to the marketplace.
EBMT to track long-term outcome data for Kymriah® [EBMT] Under the terms of the collaboration, EBMT will collect treatment and long-term safety and efficacy data from patients treated with Kymriah® (tisagenlecleucel) in both approved indications in the EBMT registry for cellular therapy in the European regions.
	5.12.2.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES CAR-NK
Treatment with CAR-NK Cells in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory CD19-positive Lymphoid Tumours [ESMO] These preliminary results show that CAR-NK cells can induce responses in patients with high-risk CD19-positive tumours with relatively few adverse events aside from transient myelotoxicity.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
U.S. FDA Grants Priority Review for Kite’s KTE-X19 Biologics License Application (BLA) in Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma [Gilead] If Approved, Kite Could be First Company with Multiple Commercialized CAR T Therapies.
FDA hands Gilead a nice CAR-T boost as critics pounce on underwhelming Q4 call and Twitter buzzes with M&A chatter [EndPoints] The priority review puts Gilead on track to field their second CAR-T in the wake of the pioneering rollout of Yescarta, which has edged out Kymriah in revenue.
	5.2 PHARMA
Novartis announces MET inhibitor capmatinib (INC280), the first potential treatment for METex14 mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer, granted priority FDA review [Novartis] METex14 mutations occur in 3-4% of newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC cases and is a recognized oncogenic driver.
Novartis lung cancer drug gets priority U.S. review [Reuters] Capmatinib is a MET inhibitor being evaluated as a treatment for first-line and previously treated patients with locally advanced or metastatic MET exon 14 skipping (METex14) mutated non-small cell lung cancer.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
AZ, Daiichi’s new cancer drug Enhertu gets off to the races with quick U.S. launch [Fierce Pharma] In the phase 2 Destiny-Breast01 trial, Enhertu triggered a response in 60% of patients who had already failed Herceptin and Kadcyla. The response rate has raised eyebrows in this heavily pretreated patient group, and what physicians find most appealing is the drug’s long duration—it can stall tumor progression or death by 16 months.
Is it finally their time? Two ADCs for cancer make the blockbuster list [BioWorld] What once was a dead end for development has morphed into a competitive space with 57 ADC candidates for cancer indications in phase I or later trials, according to Cortellis.
	5.5 ASCO
Exelixis Announces Encouraging Results for Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [Exelixis] Data from the COSMIC-021 trial will be presented on Thursday, February 13, 2020 at the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
A 2020 Reality Check on the Public Health Impact of Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine [CDC] Nevertheless, the overall effect of precision medicine on cancer has been modest so far. A recent study estimated that about 8% of patients with cancer are eligible for precision medications and 5% would actually benefit from them. Among patients who respond, many drugs only improve survival by a matter of months.
	6.10.1 POLITIQUES (USA)
Trump’s 2021 budget drowns science agencies in red ink, again [Science] White House proposes big cuts to NIH, DOE, NASA and other programs.
	6.7.2 APPLIS
Study shows results from skin cancer diagnosis apps can’t be trusted [Health Europa] A new study from the University of Birmingham, reveals smartphone apps used to as ‘early warning systems’ for skin cancer are poorly regulated and frequently do not produce accurate results.
Study: Smartphone apps designed to spot skin cancer may not be accurate [UPI] Approved for use in Europe, software may miss as many as 12 percent of cancers -- and the apps have yet to receive U.S. FDA approval.
The poor performance of apps assessing skin cancer risk [BMJ] The current regimen is clearly unsatisfactory. Collectively as a society we must decide what amounts to good evidence when evaluating health apps; who is responsible for generating, validating, and appraising this evidence; and how post-market monitoring of regularly updated software should be organised. These are complex questions.