Onco Actu du 8 janvier 2020

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
Quest to use CRISPR against disease gains ground [Nature] By 2019, the US government’s clinicaltrials.gov database listed more than a dozen active studies that are testing CRISPR–Cas9 as a treatment for a range of diseases from cancer to HIV and blood disorders.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Study Finds Talcum Powder Not Likely A Risk For Ovarian Cancer [NPR] The research finds that women who had ever used powder had an 8% increased risk of ovarian cancer compared to those who never used it. "That is not a statistically significant increase" says O'Brien. And she adds that this increase needs to be understood in context. Ovarian cancer is very rare and the lifetime risk of getting it is 1.3% so an increase of 8% to that is "small." O'Brien says it represents an estimated 0.09% increase in risk by age 70.
Largest study yet offers no clear talc link to ovarian cancer [Reuters] The U.S.-funded study published in the medical journal JAMA on Tuesday pooled data on 252,745 women from four government studies that asked women whether they had ever used powder on their genitals. The study did not consider individual brands.
Big study finds no strong sign linking baby powder & cancer [AP] The findings were called “overall reassuring” in an editorial published Tuesday with the study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The analysis involving 250,000 women isn’t definitive but more conclusive research probably isn’t feasible because a dwindling number of women use powder for personal hygiene, the editorial said.
	2.5 ETIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Detailed genetic study provides most comprehensive map of risk to date of breast cancer risk [University of Cambridge] A major international study of the genetics of breast cancer has identified more than 350 DNA ‘errors’ that increase an individual’s risk of developing the disease. The scientists involved say these errors may influence as many as 190 genes.
	4.15 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - IMAGERIE
A.I. Comes to the Operating Room [NY Times] Brain surgeons are bringing artificial intelligence and new imaging techniques into the operating room, to diagnose tumors as accurately as pathologists, and much faster, according to a report in the journal Nature Medicine.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
New compounds block master regulator of cancer growth, metastasis [University of Illinois] Scientists have developed new drug compounds that thwart the pro-cancer activity of FOXM1, a transcription factor that regulates the activity of dozens of genes. The new compounds suppress tumor growth in human cells and in mouse models of several types of human breast cancer.
Evading Chemotherapy, Bacteria-Style [In The Pipeline] These results also highlight some thoughts that people have already had about strategies that directly target DNA repair and the like. If you’re going to try to kill tumor cells via such mechanisms, you need to to a thorough job of it, because if you just mildly interfere with these pathways you could be helping the tumor cell population to mutate its way into a resistant state. Just like trying to kill bacteria with antibiotics!
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Response Rates and Durations of Response for Biomarker-Based Cancer Drugs in Nonrandomized Versus Randomized Trials [JNCCN] Caution must be exercised when approving or prescribing targeted drugs based on data on durable responses derived from non-RCTs, because the responses could be overestimates and poor predictors of survival benefit.
	5.12.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PARTENARIATS
Bicycle Therapeutics and Cancer Research UK to Collaborate on Development of New Bicycle® Immuno-oncology Candidate, BT7401 [Bicycle Therapeutics] Cancer Research UK to fund exploratory development of BT7401 through a Phase IIa clinical study.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Immune cell discovery opens door to new powerful cancer therapies [University College London] Our discovery provides the evidence and rationale for utilising Blimp-1 to maximise the anti-tumour activity of CD4+ T cells.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Bristol-Myers unloads old-school plant as it readies for CAR-T future [Fierce Pharma] Tidying up business left from last year, Bristol-Myers Squibb has completed the sale of an old-school operation in Italy even as it prepares to move into a whole new manufacturing arena after its $74 billion buyout of Celgene.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Merck's Keytruda misses key mark in small cell lung cancer trial, dashing big expansion hopes [Fierce Pharma] Although SCLC accounts for only about 10% to 15% of all lung cancer cases—making it a much smaller indication than NSCLC—it represented “one of the largest metastatic market opportunities remaining for Keytruda to penetrate.”
Merck's Keytruda falls short of rivals in 1 lung cancer type [Biopharma Dive] Keytruda is the biggest seller in the PD-(L)1 class of drugs, with sales on track to hit $11 billion in 2019. Competitors are eager to steal some of that market share, and beating Keytruda in small cell lung cancer could help.
	6.2 IMPLANTS MAMMAIRES
Anger over UK's failure to ban breast implants linked to 61 cancer cases [The Guardian] At least 61 women in the UK have been diagnosed with a potentially fatal cancer linked to breast implants, but the type they received continues to be used, with no plans by the regulator to follow France and Australia in banning them.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
UK Group Tackles Reproducibility in Research [The Scientist] Last month, 10 UK universities became part of the UKRN, joining a network that already includes stakeholders such as the Academy of Medical Sciences, Research Libraries UK, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, journals including Nature and PLOS, and local networks of researchers.
Check for publication integrity before misconduct [Nature] Here we present a tool — the REAPPRAISED checklist — that aims to help readers, journal editors and anyone else assess whether a paper has flaws that call its integrity into question. We developed it on the basis of our own experience and extensive consultation with research administrators and journal editors.
Prominent cancer researcher loses nine papers, making 10 [Retraction Watch] The work of Dannenberg’s group at Weill Cornell — and the figures in particular — has been the subject of scrutiny on PubPeer for more than two years. The group also lost an article more than a decade ago in The Lancet, bringing their total so far to 10.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Challenges to the Reproducibility of Machine Learning Models in Health Care [JAMA] Determining if machine learning improves patient outcomes remains the most important test, and currently there is scant evidence of downstream benefit. For this, there is likely no substitute for randomized clinical trials.