Onco Actu du 21 janvier 2020

	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
New tumour-driving mutations discovered in the under-explored regions of the cancer genome [OICR] Although these candidate driver mutations are rare, we now have the first experimental evidence that one of the mutated regions regulates cancer genes and pathways in human cell lines.”
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
We don’t need to ban vaping. We need to build better vaping devices [STAT] By building a better vape that can be used as an effective cigarette replacement without getting people sick, we can ensure that these nicotine therapies continue to help people quit smoking traditional cigarettes — which we know causes cancer and other diseases — without creating a new public health crisis.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Glass half full: Improving outcomes in patients with circulating tumor DNA molecular residual disease [Nature Cancer Community] Although ctDNA MRD is highly prognostic in solid tumors, whether additional therapy can improve outcomes in ctDNA MRD positive patients has been an area of debate. We attempted to leverage a recent change in the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer to address this controversy.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Magnetised molecules used to monitor breast cancer [Cancer Research UK] A new type of scan that involves magnetising molecules allows doctors to see in real-time which regions of a breast tumour are active, according to research funded by Cancer Research UK* and published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today (Monday).
Refining Breast Cancer Classification by Multiplexed Imaging [University of Zurich] An imaging approach developed at UZH enables the study of breast cancer tissue in greater detail. It uses 35 biomarkers to identify the different cell types in breast tumors and its surrounding area compared to the current standard of testing single markers.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Dozens of non-oncology drugs can kill cancer cells [Broad Institute] The new work appears in the journal Nature Cancer. It is the largest study yet to employ the Broad’s Drug Repurposing Hub, a collection that currently comprises more than 6,000 existing drugs and compounds that are either FDA-approved or have been proven safe in clinical trials (at the time of the study, the Hub contained 4,518 drugs).
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Immune cell which kills most cancers discovered by accident by British scientists in major breakthrough [The Telegrah] Asked if it meant that someone in Wales was walking around completely immune to cancer, Prof Sewell said: “Possibly. This immune cell could be quite rare, or it could be that lots of people have this receptor but for some reason it is not activated. We just don't know yet.”
Discovery of new T-cell raises prospect of ‘universal’ cancer therapy [Cardiff University] To test the therapeutic potential of these cells in vivo, the researchers injected T-cells able to recognise MR1 into mice bearing human cancer and with a human immune system. This showed “encouraging” cancer-clearing results which the researchers said was comparable to the now NHS-approved CAR-T therapy in a similar animal model.
Immune discovery 'may treat all cancer' [BBC News] The Cardiff team discovered a T-cell and its receptor that could find and kill a wide range of cancerous cells in the lab including lung, skin, blood, colon, breast, bone, prostate, ovarian, kidney and cervical cancer cells. Crucially, it left normal tissues untouched.
	5.12.13 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOMARQUEURS
New Technique Predicts Which Melanoma Patients Are at Risk for Cancer Recurrence and Spread [Brigham Health] “In the future, such a test could help us tailor treatment; patients with high TCFr may further benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy, while low TCFr patients may need additional intervention.”
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
European Commission approves Roche’s Polivy for people with previously treated aggressive lymphoma [Roche] Novel combination regimen includes first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate that specifically targets CD79b.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Hormone therapy now available for newly diagnosed prostate cancer in Scotland [Cancer Research UK] The latest decision by the Scottish Medicine Consortium (SMC) means abiraterone (Zytiga) will now be an option for people whose hormone sensitive prostate cancer has spread to other parts of the body, in combination with steroids and another hormone therapy.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS, POLITIQUES SCIENTIFIQUES
CRediT Check – Should we welcome tools to differentiate the contributions made to academic papers? [LSE Impact Blog] Elizabeth Gadd weighs the pros and cons of defining contributorship in a more prescriptive fashion and asks whether there is a risk of incentivising new kinds of competitive behaviour and forms of evaluation that doesn’t benefit researchers.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
EMA, HMA Set 10 Priorities for Big Data [RAPS] The report emphasizes that big data “is not necessarily the solution to all the challenges faced by regulators” and that data from randomized controlled clinical trials “will remain the reference standard for most regulatory use cases.”
Ten recommendations to unlock the potential of big data for public health in the EU [EMA] The most ambitious of these ten recommendations is the establishment of an EU platform to access and analyse healthcare data from across the European Union (Data Analysis and Real World Interrogation Network, or DARWIN).