Onco Actu du 20 janvier 2020

	1. BIOLOGIE
Heterogeneity of Liver Cancer Cells Helps Explain Tumor Progression in Patients, Mount Sinai Research Found [Mount Sinai] Among the clinical implications associated with intra-tumor heterogeneity identified by the research team was the discovery that a single liver cancer biopsy could potentially mischaracterize a liver tumor.
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Frequency, Mutational Patterns, and Genomic Profile of Hypermutated Breast Cancer [ESMO] The authors concluded that their findings demonstrate that 5% of breast cancers have high tumour mutational burden, with enrichment in metastatic tumours. These tumours are associated with a higher neoantigen burden and increased T-cell infiltration.
	2.5 ETIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Loss of Function in Key Y-Chromosome Genes Increases Cancer Risk in Men [Barcelona Institute for Global Health] Using data from 9,000 individuals, the researchers studied Y-chromosome gene function in patients with various types of cancer. The findings showed that cancer risk increases with loss of function of six key Y-chromosome genes in various types of cells.
Y chromosome may expose men to greater cancer risk, study finds [UPI] In findings published Friday in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, the authors report that loss of function in certain genes of the sex-determining Y chromosome, which is present only in men, may cause them to have an elevated risk for cancer.
	4.15 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - IMAGERIE
Incidental Imaging Findings in Clinical Trials [JAMA] Incidental findings are often lost data points that matter to both patients and physicians. The time has come to more consistently include them as end points in clinical trials.
	4.7 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COL DE L'UTÉRUS
“Potential to eliminate” cervical cancer in England thanks to NHS Long Term Plan [NHS England] Hundreds of lives will be spared every year in England thanks to a more sensitive cervical screening test rolled out as part of the NHS Long Term Plan.
Cervical cancer could be eliminated in England, experts say [The Guardian] Vaccination and HPV screening could potentially end the disease, NHS England says.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Cheap drug may alleviate treatment-resistance in leukemia [Karolinska Institutet] The research group is now planning to move forward with a clinical study that will evaluate the effect of combining standard AML-treatment with hydroxyurea in recently diagnosed patients. The study will be conducted in collaboration with the Swedish AML-group and will begin recruiting patients within a few weeks.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Despite U.S. law, many clinical trial results go unreported [Reuters] Goldacre’s team analyzed 4,209 trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov that should have reported results between March 2018 and September 2019. They found that just 41 percent of clinical trial results were reported promptly and one in three trials remain unreported.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Deciphering a cancer treatment’s dark side [Science] New work suggests overproduction of proteins from a cell therapy sets off a dangerous side effect.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Tweaking how CAR-T therapy kills tumors could stop a dangerous side effect, study finds [STAT] Genetically engineered CAR-T cells that have been so successful against some leukemias and lymphomas often cause a violent and even life-threatening immune reaction. The problem, the researchers reported on Friday, is that CAR-Ts attack and kill cancer cells in the messiest way biologists have ever seen.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Imfinzi and tremelimumab granted Orphan Drug Designation in the US for liver cancer [AstraZeneca] The Phase III HIMALAYA trial is testing Imfinzi and the combination of Imfinzi plus tremelimumab in patients with unresectable, advanced HCC who have not been treated with prior systemic therapy and are not eligible for locoregional therapy (treatment localised to the liver).
	5.12.5.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOTECH
Bracing for a hematology faceoff: CARs vs. bispecifics [ORF] After a challenging period, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are making a comeback in hematology as they become a prominent drug class and a major threat to CARs.
	5.2 PHARMA
Lynparza regulatory submission granted Priority Review in the US for HRR-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [AstraZeneca] Submission based on PROfound, the first positive Phase III trial testing a targeted treatment in biomarker-selected prostate cancer patients.
	5.2.6 PHARMA - BIOTECH
Revolution Medicines Maps Out an IPO to Reach Cancer’s Frontiers [Xconomy] Revolution is developing drugs to specifically target RAS and mTOR, two signaling pathways that play a role in helping tumors.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA,...
EMA suspends Picato as a precaution while review of skin cancer risk continues [EMA] While uncertainties remain, there is concern about a possible link between the use of Picato (ingenol mebutate), a gel for treating the skin condition actinic keratosis, and the development of skin cancer. The PRAC has therefore recommended suspending the medicine’s marketing authorisation as a precaution and noted that alternative treatments are available.
	5.4.1 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE - NICE
NICE encourages further data collection on ‘game changing’ histology independent cancer drugs [NICE] Larotrectinib (also called Vitrakvi and made by Bayer), a new treatment for a range of cancers, can’t be recommended for use in the NHS because at its current price, it doesn’t have the potential to be cost-effective.
New breed of targeted cancer drug gets initial ‘no’ for NHS in England [Cancer Research UK] The drug will be looked at again by NICE in March. NICE are also reviewing a second drug, entrectinib, which works in the same way as larotrectinib and could be made available to the same group of patients if approved.
	5.4.2 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE - IQWIG
Germany’s IQWiG finds first tumor-agnostic drug provides no added benefit [EndPoints] Bayer also said that IQWiG’s methods “are not yet appropriate for appraising histology independent products, so this recommendation is not surprising.”
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors May Have an Elevated Risk of Hospitalizations [AACR] Compared with controls, the risk of a first hospitalization increased 4.76-fold for survivors of leukemia, 3.45-fold for survivors of central nervous system tumors, 2.83-fold for survivors of colorectal cancers, 2.76-fold for survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2.37-fold for survivors of breast cancer.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS, POLITIQUES SCIENTIFIQUES
China is closing gap with United States on research spending [Nature] The United States is increasingly “seen globally as an important leader rather than the uncontested leader” in science and engineering, the agency said in the latest edition of its biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report, which compiles metrics on the state of science and engineering in the country.