Onco Actu du 16 janvier 2020

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
The kill-switch for CRISPR that could make gene-editing safer [Nature] How anti-CRISPR proteins and other molecules could bolster biosecurity and improve medical treatments.
	2.14 ETIOLOGIE - TALC
Carl Heneghan: Assessing ovarian cancer risk with talc—use all the evidence [BMJ] Interpretation of isolated studies rarely proves helpful. To arrive at an informed decision requires all the evidence; the approach could facilitate more balanced media reporting and aid public understanding.
	2.4 ETIOLOGIE - PORTABLES, ONDES E-M
Mobile phones cause tumours, Italian court rules, in defiance of evidence [The Guardian] Judges find prolonged use can cause tumours, going against mass of scientific opinion.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
Exposure to Chemicals in Drinking Water Associated with 5% of Annual Bladder Cancer Burden in Europe [Barcelona Institute for Global Health] Macro study analyses for the first time the presence and health impact of trihalomethanes in tap water in 26 European Union countries.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Young Bone Marrow Donors May Transfer Pathogenic Mutations to Cancer Patients [Genome Web] In a paper published online on Wednesday in Science Translational Medicine, Bhatt and her colleagues used deep, error-corrected sequencing — a method designed to detect mutations at levels as low as one in 10,000 cells — to search for somatic mutations in 80 AML-related genes in multiple bone marrow and blood samples from 25 matched bone marrow donors and recipients.
Previously unseen mutations in stem cells of young donors can be passed to recipients, study finds [STAT] What remains unknown is whether those mutations are actually contributing to health problems for recipients.
Mutations in donors’ stem cells may cause problems for cancer patients [WUSTL] The study, involving samples from patients with AML and their stem cell donors, suggests such rare, harmful mutations are present in surprisingly young donors and can cause problems for recipients even if the mutations are so rare as to be undetectable in the donor by typical genome sequencing techniques.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Crizotinib in NSCLC With a MET Exon 14 Alteration [ESMO] The authors concluded that the results of their study address an unmet need for targeted therapy in lung cancers with MET exon 14 alterations and add to an expanding list of genomically driven therapies for oncogenic subsets of NSCLC. The study was supported by Pfizer.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Presence of B Cells in Tumors Associated With Favorable Immunotherapy Outcomes [Genome Web] In an editorial accompanying the three studies, University of Pittsburgh immunology researcher Tullia Bruno noted that the papers provide doctors with new ways of predicting prognosis for patients who might be helped by immunotherapy.
New predictors for immunotherapy responses sharpen our view of the tumour microenvironment [Nature] Three studies reveal that the presence in tumours of two key immune components — B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures — is associated with favourable outcomes when individuals undergo immunotherapy.
B-cell enrichment predictive of immunotherapy response in melanoma, sarcoma and kidney cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Studies published today in Nature conclude that enrichment of B cells, a type of immune cell known for producing antibodies, in TLS was predictive of response to checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma, soft-tissue sarcomas and renal cell carcinomas (RCC).
	5.12.13 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOMARQUEURS
Multimodal Genomic Analyses Predict Response to Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients [Johns Hopkins] “We expect this approach is going to be incorporated into clinical practice, and it can change the way providers make decisions about their patients,” Anagnostou says.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Accepts for Priority Review Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Application for Opdivo (nivolumab) Plus Yervoy (ipilimumab) in First-Line Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [BMS] Application based on results from Part 1 of Phase 3 CheckMate -227 study.
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Merck's Keytruda faces NICE pushback as Ibrance, Lynparza grab green lights [Fierce Pharma] Because the control arm of the study didn't match up to NHS practice, the committee argued Keytruda's results in that trial may not apply in Britain.
Atezolizumab with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel for untreated advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (terminated appraisal) [NICE] NICE is unable to make a recommendation on atezolizumab (Tecentriq) with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel for untreated advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, because Roche did not provide an evidence submission.
UK's NICE isn't convinced by Merck's Keytruda in head and neck cancer [EndPoints] NICE was looking for evidence of Keytruda’s impact stratified by patients whose cancer began outside the mouth and said that information about the clinical and cost-effectiveness for the two different patient groups (cancer starting inside or outside the mouth) was incomplete.
	5.2 PHARMA
Clovis Oncology’s Rubraca® (Rucaparib) Granted FDA Priority Review For Advanced Prostate Cancer [Clovis Oncology] Clovis seeks U.S. approval for rucaparib as monotherapy treatment for patients with BRCA1/2-mutant recurrent, metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Olaparib for maintenance treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer [NICE] Olaparib has the potential to be cost effective if further data confirm the overall survival benefit estimated using the company's alternative model. Olaparib is therefore recommended for use within the Cancer Drugs Fund, for people with a BRCA mutation who have had 2 courses of platinum-based chemotherapy, while more data are collected.
Palbociclib with fulvestrant for treating hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer [NICE] It is uncertain whether people having palbociclib with fulvestrant live longer because the final overall survival data are not yet available. The results of indirect comparisons of palbociclib with fulvestrant and everolimus with exemestane are very uncertain. The cost-effectiveness estimates are also very uncertain.
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
Cancer research booms, cancer mortality declines, NCI director says [Stanford Medicine] Going forward, he said, the NCI plans to focus on four key areas: emphasizing basic science research; developing the next generation of cancer researchers; increasing data aggregation and interpretation; and optimizing the design, administration and analyses of clinical trials.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Prostate cancer deaths in UK hit record high of over 12,000 in 2017 [The Guardian] Disease is most common cancer in men in UK but rise is largely due to ageing population.
	6.11 PATIENTS
‘How long do I have?’ A website on cancer survival rates, from the co-founder of GoodRx, seeks to provide clarity [STAT] Dr. Jennifer Temel, a thoracic oncologist at Massachusetts General Hospital who also studies doctor-patient communication, said she worries in general about online tools that provide prognoses.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
NSF rolls out huge makeover of science statistics [Science] Agency aims to make authoritative Indicators report more timely.