Onco Actu du 7 novembre 2019

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
You had questions for David Liu about CRISPR, prime editing, and advice to young scientists. He has answers [STAT] To realize the full potential of any new technology, it is essential for many researchers to test, validate, and improve upon the original method. Indeed, it will take a huge village to achieve a goal as ambitious as using an engineered molecular machine to replace disease-causing DNA sequences with normal ones to treat a genetic disease in a patient.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
More Teens Than Ever Are Vaping. Here's What We Know About Their Habits [NPR] Three years ago, only about one in ten high school students reported having recently used e-cigarettes. But a study published this week in JAMA shows the proportion of students vaping nicotine has now grown to more than one in four.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
AI test to spot brain tumours early could be rolled out on NHS within 18 months [The Telegraph] The test relies on an existing technique, called infrared spectroscopy, to examine the chemical makeup of a person’s blood, combined with an AI program that can spot the chemical clues that indicates the likelihood of a brain tumour.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
New pathway for lung cancer treatment [MIT] A study appearing in the Nov. 6 issue of Science Translational Medicine shows that small cell lung cancer cells are especially reliant on the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and that an enzyme inhibitor called brequinar is effective against the disease in cell lines and mouse models.
Vitamin D dials down the aggression in melanoma cells [Cancer Research UK] The researchers from the University of Leeds discovered that vitamin D influences the behaviour of a signalling pathway within melanoma cells, which slowed down their growth and stopped them spreading to the lungs in mice.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Gilteritinib for Relapsed or Refractory FLT3-Mutated AML [ESMO] Treatment with gilteritinib, an oral, potent, selective FLT3 inhibitor led to higher percentages of patients with response and longer survival than salvage chemotherapy among patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Unreported clinical trial of the week: Enasidenib for use in advanced solid tumors (NCT02273739) [BMJ] Sadly this trial remains unreported both on ClinicalTrials.gov, and in the literature (Google Scholar & PubMed), more than three years after completion.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Crispr Takes Its First Steps in Editing Genes to Fight Cancer [NY Times] The procedure was feasible and safe, early results indicate, but whether it is fighting the disease is unclear. Only three patients have been treated so far, and the longest follow-up is nine months.
Doctors try CRISPR gene editing for cancer, a 1st in the US [AP] This study is not aimed at changing DNA within a person’s body. Instead it seeks to remove, alter and give back to the patient cells that are super-powered to fight their cancer — a form of immunotherapy.
	5.12.4 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ESSAIS
Efficacy and Biomarker Analysis of Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Urothelial Cancer [ESMO] Findings from the ABACUS trial.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Early data on NextCure's immuno-oncology drug in lung cancer patients delights investors [EndPoints] The therapy, NC318, is engineered to inhibit Siglec-15 (S15), a key immune suppressor in certain cancer patients whose tumors are resistant to the existing raft of checkpoint inhibitors. S15 is found on certain myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment and on certain tumor types including lung, ovarian and head, and neck cancers.
	5.2.1 PHARMA - PARTENARIATS
MD Anderson, Artios Pharma and ShangPharma announce in-licensing agreement for DNA damage response inhibitor [MD Anderson Cancer Center] ATR is an important signalling protein in DNA double strand break repair and replication stress. Through inhibition of ATR, tumors bearing an ATM deficiency can be selectively killed through a concept known as synthetic lethality.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
AstraZeneca Chooses China for R&D and AI Centers, $1B Biotech Fund [Xconomy] In addition to the new R&D and AI centres, AstraZeneca said it would set up five regional headquarters in China in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Hangzhou. The new facilities—and the commercial innovation centers to be set up at each site—will work with the commercial operation the firm set up in Wuxi in 2017.
AstraZeneca sketches plans for a $1B venture fund — and it's going to China [EndPoints] AstraZeneca has so far taken smaller steps, slowly building out its innovation center in Shanghai (where it has also blueprinted a new research hub and an AI lab) and also launching a joint venture with a government-owned private equity group. Not anymore.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Statement on the agency’s efforts to protect patients through postmarket drug safety surveillance practices [FDA] This draft best practice document outlines our approach for timely postmarket analyses of drugs and biologics, and includes a high-level overview of tools, methods, and signal detection and evaluation activities, using varied data sources, for drug safety surveillance to provide a broader context and a general overview of our overarching effort and commitment in this area.
FDA Office of Hematology Oncology Products Reorganizes, Renamed Office of Oncologic Diseases [FDA] Richard Pazdur, M.D., who joined the FDA in 1999 as director for the Division of Drug Oncology Products and became the OHOP Director in 2005, is the acting director of OOD.
	5.8.1 ASH - COMMUNIQUÉS
Takeda to Highlight Expanded Portfolio of Products Across Oncology and Hematology at 61st American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting [Takeda] Takeda will present 29 scientific updates on the company’s investigational and early-stage therapies, which demonstrates its investment in new compounds to address patient needs, as well as data from Phase 3 trials and real-world evidence findings, in disease states including multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukemia.
Kite to Present New Data From Industry-leading Cell Therapy Portfolio at ASH 2019 [Gilead] Survival Data at Three Years in ZUMA-1 and Results from Study Cohort Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Earlier Steroid Use with Yescarta® (axicabtagene ciloleucel) in Large B-cell Lymphoma to be Presented.
New data to be presented at ASH 2019 highlight Sanofi’s commitment to treat challenging blood cancers and rare blood disorders [Sanofi] In the area of multiple myeloma, analyses from the pivotal ICARIA-MM trial for isatuximab, an investigational anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, will highlight depth of response and associated long-term outcomes (abstract #3185), health-related quality of life (abstract #1850), and outcomes in an elderly patient population (abstract #1893).
Celgene to Present New and Updated Data on Key Hematology Pipeline Therapies at American Society of Hematology (ASH) 2019 Annual Meeting [Celgene] In leukemia and lymphoma, highlighted studies this year include safety and efficacy results from the pivotal TRANSCEND NHL-001 study of an investigational CD-19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) in relapsed/refractory large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Eli Lilly and Company to Present Multiple Abstracts for LOXO-305 at ASH 2019 [Lilly] LOXO-305 is a next-generation, highly selective, non-covalent BTK inhibitor. There will be two LOXO-305 oral presentations.
Roche to present new data highlighting breadth of haematology portfolio and pipeline at the American Society of Hematology 2019 Annual Meeting [Roche] - New data for CD20-CD3 bispecific cancer immunotherapies confirms their potential in difficult-to-treat lymphomas. - Long-term data and novel secondary endpoint analysis on Venclexta/Venclyxto combinations in certain blood cancers.
Calquence data to show improved progression-free survival in Phase III front-line chronic lymphocytic leukaemia trial at ASH 2019 Annual Meeting [AstraZeneca] AstraZeneca will present the first data from the Phase III ELEVATE-TN trial assessing Calquence (acalabrutinib), a next-generation selective Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), as well as data from novel-combination trials across multiple blood cancers.
Janssen to Present Latest Research from Robust Blood Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Portfolios at this Year's American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting [Janssen] Breadth of Janssen's portfolio to be highlighted, including first-time and new data presentations on BCMA-targeted CAR-T therapy JNJ-4528, DARZALEX® (daratumumab), IMBRUVICA® (ibrutinib) and XARELTO® (rivaroxaban).
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
NCRI 2019: What patients want and new territory in cancer research – looking back over a packed three days [Institute of Cancer Research] The idea of cancer as a chronic disease – and as such rethinking how we think about cancer and ways to tackle it was a theme that ran throughout the conference. Discussions around what we can do to improve patient experience, and how we invest limited research resources of time, money and expertise came up again and again.
	6.10 POLITIQUES
General Election 2019: cancer fact checker [Cancer Research UK] The ambition in the NHS long-term plan to diagnose more cancer is fantastic, but it won’t be possible unless we have enough staff.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Nature’s reach: narrow work has broad impact [Nature] With the population of researchers, scientific literature and knowledge ever growing, the scientific endeavour increasingly integrates across boundaries. Research institutions and funding bodies would do well to realize that interdisciplinarity is becoming the norm.
	6.7.3 DMP
Apple rolls out health records on iPhones for U.S. military veterans [Reuters] Data stored in the health app on iPhones is encrypted in such a way that Apple cannot read the data, even if the data is backed up to Apple’s iCloud service.
Most patients with access to electronic medical records not using it [Reuters] For the current study, researchers examined data collected from 2,410 hospitals nationwide between 2014 and 2016. Overall, hospitals gave 95% of discharged patients access to view, download and transmit their electronic health information, the analysis found. But only about 10% of patients with access to their electronic medical records actually accessed their data.
	6.8 COMMUNICATION
Breast center marketing pitch via reporter’s live-streamed mammogram was a bad idea [Health News Review] The most infuriating part of this whole story is that it probably sent a number of women in for earlier than needed mammograms and then generated fear, anxiety, and potentially needless additional interventions for numerous women.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
Your DNA Profile is Private? A Florida Judge Just Said Otherwise [NY Times] Privacy experts say a warrant granted in Florida could set a precedent, opening up all consumer DNA sites to law enforcement agencies across the country.