Onco Actu du 27 novembre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Turning Key Metabolic Process Back On Could Make Sarcoma More Susceptible to Treatment [Penn Medicine] While this study shows the importance of FBP2, further research is needed to show that using drugs to manipulate cells to re-express FB2 will have the expected effect. Simon points out that these drugs already exist in other cancer treatments – specifically blood cancers – meaning the pipeline to translate this approach to patients should be relatively rapid if research proves it is effective.
Intestinal Stem Cell Genes May Link Dietary Fat and Colon Cancer [Rutgers] The study, published in the journal Gastroenterology, describes a new connection between the way cells consume fat and how genes regulate stem cell behavior in the intestines of mice.
Science Surgery: ‘Why do some cancers metastasise, but others don’t?’ [Cancer Research UK] “Cancer couldn’t spread around the body without help. Looking at breast cancer cells, we’ve discovered that they can get some help by manipulating a particular type of immune cell, called gamma delta T cells.”
Splicing factor to blame in triple negative breast cancer [EurekAlert!] A splicing factor called TRA2B enhances triple negative breast cancers' ability to grow and metastasize.
A novel pathway to target colorectal cancer [Medical University of South Carolina] "Ultimately, we discovered a key mechanism by which PGE2 promotes tumor development and progression," said DuBois. "These findings provide important preclinical evidence that microRNA could possibly be targeted in a therapeutic way to treat a subset of patients."
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Understanding why men get more cancer than women [Peter MacCallum Cancer Center] “First, women are less likely to possess mutations in TP53. Second, the presence of p53-regulating genes on the X chromosome means men are particularly vulnerable to defects in these genes. And lastly, there appears to be a barrier in women that prevents the expression of mutant X-linked p53-regulating genes.”
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
New CDC report offers a possible clue about why vaping illnesses sprang up in 2019 [STAT] Vitamin E acetate, which is commonly used in supplements and skin creams, doesn’t seem to cause harm when swallowed or used topically. But previous research suggests inhaling the sticky substance might impair lung function. It isn’t clear how widespread the use of vitamin E acetate is in e-cigarette and vaping products nationwide.
Why E-Cigarette Flavor Bans are Misguided: The Flavor's Not the Problem, It's the Nicotine Salts [The Rest of the Story] The combination of nicotine salts and high concentrations of nicotine is what changed youth e-cigarette use from a problem to a crisis. It's not the flavors that created this crisis, it's the nicotine absorption pattern of these new products.
Characteristics of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Products Used by Patients with Associated Lung Injury and Products Seized by Law Enforcement — Minnesota, 2018 and 2019 [CDC] These data further support a potential role for vitamin E acetate in EVALI. While potential toxicants continue to be evaluated, vitamin E acetate should not be added to e-cigarette, or vaping, products.
More Evidence that Vitamin E Acetate Oil, Not E-Cigarettes, Is the Cause of the Respiratory Disease Outbreak [The Rest of the Story] The findings of this study help explain the timing of the outbreak. The findings provide evidence that vitamin E acetate oil was not present in the illicit THC vape cart supply in 2018, but appeared extensively in the supply this year.
How safe is vaping? New human studies assess chronic harm to heart and lungs [Science] Research explores immune abnormalities, artery health, and the balance of bacteria in the mouth and throat
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Biennial Mammography Screening Yields More Advanced-Stage Cancers [PR Newswire] Cancers found in patients undergoing annual mammography screening are smaller and less advanced than those found in patients undergoing screenings every two years, according to a new study presented next week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Roche takes aim at Bayer's liver cancer share with big Tecentriq-Avastin win [Fierce Pharma] The win from the trial, called IMbrave150, also put Tecentriq ahead of its PD-1/L1 rivals. Market-leading PD-1s, namely Merck’s Keytruda and Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo, have both recently fallen short in their late-stage liver cancer trials.
	5.12.5.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOTECH
Another cancer vaccine play out of Geneva shoots for 'hard endpoint' in PhII head and neck cancer test [EndPoints] “So our therapy basically is a vaccine, which is patient specific, and an immune boosting agent (GM-CSF) which is delivered by encapsulated genetically modified cells, which allow continued delivery of GM-CSF over several days at the site of vaccination.”
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
Merck’s KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Now Approved in China for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Combination with Chemotherapy [Merck] Third Approval for KEYTRUDA in First-Line NSCLC in China in Less Than One Year.
	5.12.7 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - VACCINS
UK and China research team take first steps towards a vaccine for pancreatic cancer [Queen Mary University of London] Researchers from Queen Mary University of London and Zhengzhou University have developed a personalised vaccine system that could ultimately delay the onset of pancreatic cancer.
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Bladder cancer treatment rejected for routine use on NHS in England [Cancer Research UK] In giving its initial rejection, NICE said they couldn’t be confident pembrolizumab provided value for money for the NHS at its current price.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
There’s one endpoint that the booming biopharma industry has failed at miserably: financial toxicity [EndPoints] So while the industry likes to talk a lot about the pricing levels needed to back innovation, it’s just not an accurate reflection of reality.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA’s Office of Hematology and Oncology Products Reorganizes [Cancer Research Catalyst] As the practice of oncology and the treatments for these life-threatening diseases have become more complex, we recognized the need to flatten the organization with additional but smaller review divisions to enable more efficient drug review,” Pazdur said.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA Approves Acalabrutinib for CLL and SLL [ESMO] Evidence for efficacy is based on the results from the ELEVATE-TN and ASCEND studies.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Payer Funding Of Interventional Pharmacoeconomic Studies: A New Paradigm [Health Affairs] While policy makers, politicians, and lobbyists continue to debate the problem of high drug costs, we believe that this new strategy is an active and practical step in solving some of the problems of high drug costs. There is a clear opportunity for payers to step forward and help to lead this effort.
	5.6 ESMO
Korea Drug Stock Soars After Plaudit But There Was No Award [Bloomberg] HLB Inc., a South Korean drugmaker, almost doubled its stock price in the past two months after saying its gastric cancer treatment was named in “The Best of ESMO 2019” list by the European Society for Medical Oncology. But ESMO, a non-profit organization of medical professionals, said late Monday that there was never an official award. HLB had trumpeted its recognition from ESMO on Oct. 2.
	6.3 ASSOCIATIONS/FONDATIONS
The Loneliest Cancer [Sarcoma UK] The report gives a frank snapshot of what the current sarcoma landscape looks like in the UK, and reveals how sarcoma and a general lack of awareness around the cancer can have a devastating impact on both patients, their families and friends, from diagnosis through to treatment.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
NHS has ‘big tech’ patient data analysis fears [PharmaTimes] Specifically, the survey participants mentioned that they were not comfortable with “big tech” companies that pay little tax, with just 17% saying that they would trust the companies to handle the data in a “confidential manner.”