Onco Actu du 26 novembre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Pediatric Brain Cancer Clues Drawn From Developing Brain Cell Transcriptomes [Genome Web] The researchers identified 191 cell populations with single-cell RNA sequencing on more than 65,000 cells from two tumor-prone parts in samples from developing human or mouse brains: the embryonal pons and the forebrain. They compared gene expression profiles with RNA sequences for hundreds of bulk samples from cancer patients or from normal adult or fetal brain samples.
Cellular origins of pediatric brain tumors identified [McGill] Researchers make a breakthrough by identifying that several aggressive pediatric brain tumors are the result of stalled development in embryonic cells.
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Encouraging normal liver cells to fight cancer [VIB] “The identification of anti-tumor functions in genes traditionally considered as tumor promoting genes completely changes how we think about cancer genes and their function in normal tissues,” says Iván Moya, first author of the paper.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Searching for a killer: Inside the CDC’s scramble to solve a mysterious vaping disease [Washington Post] The devices had been sold for more than a decade without reports of such a disease. Why was this happening now?
Oregon State Health Department Claims that Nicotine-Based E-Cigarettes are Causing Respiratory Disease Outbreak [The Rest of the Story] What I find fascinating is that in the midst of an outbreak that we know definitively is being caused, at least in large part, by the vaping of THC carts containing vitamin E acetate oil, the Oregon state health department would be publicly downplaying and undermining this fact.
	3.3 PRÉVENTION - VACCINS
New Cochrane Review assesses different HPV vaccines and vaccine schedules in adolescent girls and boys [Cochrane] This Cochrane Review summarizes the results from 20 randomized controlled trials involving 31,940 people conducted across all continents.
	3.4.1 CHIMIOPRÉVENTION - ASPIRINE
Should I Take Aspirin to Prevent Cancer? [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] Research so far suggests that taking a small dose of daily aspirin over a period of years can reduce the risk of certain cancers, especially colorectal cancer, but further study is needed.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Many Mutations Detected in Liquid Biopsy Tests Do Not Come from Cancer Cells, an MSK Study Finds [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] “We almost fell off our chairs,” says Jorge Reis-Filho, Chief of Experimental Pathology at MSK and the paper’s last author. “In many patients, the majority of mutations came from white blood cells, not cancer cells.”
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Can Skip Radiation to the Brain [NCI] “We're at the end of an era,” said Ching-Hon Pui, M.D., of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, who led the study. With modern chemotherapy regimens, “no child with ALL really should get prophylactic radiation.”
	5.2 PHARMA
Roche shows Tecentriq/Avastin combo helps liver cancer patients live longer [EndPoints] With FDA breakthrough status in the bag, the data will likely guide Roche toward the first frontline approval for HCC liver cancer since Nexavar was cleared 12 years ago.
	5.2.6 PHARMA - BIOTECH
Ferring, Blackstone spin out gene therapy with $570M in funding [Fierce Biotech] In phase 2, 35% of BCG-unresponsive patients who received nadofaragene firadenovec every three months were free of high-grade disease at one year. The data were encouraging given the poor treatment options of people with bladder cancer that is unresponsive to BCG.
‘Breakthrough’ bladder cancer drug spinout gets $570M to back launch of a new gene therapy in the US [EndPoints] The drug uses an adenovirus to deliver the gene interferon alfa-2b. It’s designed to enter the bladder walls and then secrete high quantities of interferon alfa-2b, which can naturally suppress bladder cancer by essentially turning the bladder wall cells into tiny interferon factories.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Astellas Announces the Approval of XTANDI® (enzalutamide) by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Approval based on Asian PREVAIL study of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [Astellas] The study, Asian PREVAIL (also known as 9785-CL-0232), evaluated oral enzalutamide (160 mg/day) versus placebo plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy or after bilateral orchiectomy. The study, involving Asian patients including approximately 200 Chinese patients, showed consistent results with those in the global pivotal Phase 3 PREVAIL study in the same target population.
	6.5 MÉDECINES ALTERNATIVES/COMPLÉMENTAIRES
Prestigious NY Cancer Center Will Spend $3.7M To Study Bogus Cancer Treatment [Forbes] I'm even more upset that doctors at one of the world's leading cancer centers are telling desperately ill patients, who trust them with their lives, that sticking needles into their bodies at bogus "acupuncture points" will relieve the pain and nausea of chemotherapy, or help them with other symptoms of cancer.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Elsevier signs first open-access deal in the United States [Science] Financial terms of the deal with Carnegie Mellon University were not disclosed.
The Tyranny of Unintended Consequences: Richard Poynder on Open Access and the Open Access Movement [The Scholarly Kitchen] “The future of scholarly publishing will surely depend to a great extent on what China does — not least because it is now the second largest publisher of research papers in the world and expected soon to overtake the US as the world’s top economy… It seems logical to ask whether China’s interest in OA demonstrates a commitment to openness or simply a desire to have access to research produced in other countries.”