Onco Actu du 15 novembre 2019

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
CRISPR's unwanted anniversary [Science] The “CRISPR babies” saga should motivate active discussion and debate about human germline editing. With a new such study under consideration in Russia, appropriate regulation is urgently needed. Consequences for defying established restrictions should include, at a minimum, loss of funding and publication privileges.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018 [CDC] In 2018, approximately 20% of U.S. adults currently used any tobacco product; cigarette smoking reached an all-time low (13.7%). During 2009–2018, significant increases in three cigarette cessation indicators occurred. During 2017–2018, e-cigarette and smokeless tobacco product use prevalence increased.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
U.S. vaping-related deaths rise to 42, cases of illness to 2,172 [Reuters] Last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 2,051 confirmed and probable U.S. lung injury cases and 39 deaths associated with use of e-cigarettes, or vaping products.
	3.6 PRÉVENTION - ACTIVITÉ PHYSIQUE
Exercise helps astronauts cope with side effects of spaceflight. Could it help cancer patients too? [STAT] Prior to her current work in oncology, study lead author Jessica Scott of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center worked at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, where she studied how astronauts are affected by space flight and what could keep them healthy.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Blood test for deadly eye melanoma [University of Queensland] University of Queensland scientists have discovered markers in the blood that can differentiate between a benign mole and a melanoma, while also identifying if the cancer has spread to other areas of the body.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
In France, it’s illegal for consumers to order a DNA spit kit. Activists are fighting over lifting the ban [STAT] Her vision isn’t so different from the one espoused by advocates for legal pot. Rather than keeping the law in place while Vogt tries to realize his vision, she says, legislators should legalize some of these tests so they can make sure that French citizens’ health information stays safe.
MSK-IMPACT AI Study Yields New Findings to Diagnose Tumor Types of Unknown Origin [AJMC] Writing in JAMA Oncology, the researchers noted that pinpointing tumor origin is key to understanding its biologic characteristics in response to treatment. This study sought to understand if data derived from routine clinical DNA tumor sequencing could complement conventional diagnostic approaches.
	4.5 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COLORECTAL
Early detection of colon cancer: When is the right time for the follow-up colonoscopy? [DKFZ] Scientists at the German Cancer Research Center are now systematically investigating when and how often tissue lesions are detected during the follow up colonoscopy. Their conclusion: The ten-year period is usually reasonable. It is not yet possible to say whether and for which group of people the follow-up colonoscopy can be postponed even further.
Bowel cancer rates after colonoscopy vary by provider [University of Leeds] “Ensuring we have uniform high standards for colonoscopies will help us reduce the number of post-colonoscopy cancers further, and improve mortality from this preventable disease.”
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Who shrank the drug factory? Briefcase-sized labs could transform medicine [Nature] Engineers are miniaturizing pharmaceutical production in the hope of making it portable and inexpensive.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Blocking a survival mechanism could tackle melanoma treatment resistance [Cancer Research UK] “This study has demonstrated that melanoma cells are addicted to the MCL1 protein for survival, but only when they are treated with the existing melanoma drugs. By targeting both vulnerabilities at the same time we can kill melanoma cells, causing greater inhibition of tumour growth over a longer time period.”
A step closer to can­cer pre­ci­sion medicine [University of Helsinki] Researchers have developed a computational model, Combined Essentiality Scoring (CES) that enables accurate identification of essential genes in cancer cells for development of anti-cancer drugs.
Researchers Halt Spread of Breast Cancer by Blocking Metastasis-Promoting Enzyme [UCSF] The new study shows that when MMP9 is incapacitated, metastatic sites may no longer be able to keep immune cells at bay. Plaks thinks that this represents an important step towards making breast cancer more susceptible to immunotherapies that have proven effective against other forms of cancer.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Prostate cancer bone metastases thwart immunotherapy by producing TGF-β [MD Anderson Cancer Center] The team found that the bone destruction caused by tumors leads to massive production of transformational growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a protein that causes helper T cells to polarize into Th17 CD4 cells instead of the Th1 CD4 effector cells required to trigger an anti-tumor immune response.
	5.12.13 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOMARQUEURS
Findings could help identify which aggressive breast cancers will respond to immune treatments [UNC] Their findings, published in the journal Cell, were drawn from studies in mice and an analysis of data from six clinical trials. If confirmed in future studies, the insights could help guide patients to the right treatments, sparing them from those that are not effective. It also could lead to an approach to make the drugs work in cancers that don’t initially respond.
	5.12.4 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ESSAIS
Clinical Benefit of Pembrolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced MSI-H/dMMR Non-colorectal Cancers [ESMO] The results of KEYNOTE-158 study.
	5.12.7 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - VACCINS
Duke Researchers Find Simpler, More Effective Cancer Vaccine Approach [Duke] Monocytes trigger a better immune response in mice than current dendritic cell vaccines.
	5.2 PHARMA
AstraZeneca’s selumetinib moves past cancer failures to nab FDA priority review in neurofibromatosis [Fierce Pharma] The approval would cover NF1 patients who've developed plexiform neurofibromas, a type of tumor associated with the disease, that cannot be treated with surgery. The condition is inherited and it is rare, affecting about one in every 3,000 or 4,000 people.
US FDA accepts regulatory submission for selumetinib in neurofibromatosis type 1 and grants Priority Review [AstraZeneca] AstraZeneca and MSD’s selumetinib would become the first medicine indicated for the treatment of paediatric patients with NF1 plexiform neurofibromas if approved.
AstraZeneca, Merck win red carpet treatment at the FDA as a 3-time loser seeks speedy OK for rare tumors [EndPoints] By inhibiting the MEK enzyme in the RAS/MAPK pathway investigators have demonstrated that the drug can control errant signaling that controls cell growth — at least relevant to NF1.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Teva to produce children's chemo drug again as shortage leads to backlash [Fierce Pharma] Teva has resisted the idea that its action was responsible for the shortage, saying that when it made its decision, “there was no indication at all of a possible shortage.” The company said it believed its share of the market could be absorbed by Pfizer. That turned out not to be the case.
Teva to restart production of cancer drug after shortages stressed treatment [Biopharma Dive] Having reversed its earlier decision, Teva will now rejoin the market and plans to manufacture vincristine at one of its U.S. plants.
Teva to Re-enter Pediatric Cancer Drug Market After Shortage Concerns [RAPS] Teva Pharmaceuticals said Wednesday afternoon that it will return to manufacturing the pediatric cancer drug vincristine after it previously left the market, which coupled with Pfizer manufacturing issues led to a shortage of the drug.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
U.S. FDA Grants BeiGene’s BRUKINSA™ (zanubrutinib) Accelerated Approval to Treat Adult Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma Who Received at Least One Prior Therapy [BeiGene] BRUKINSA is the only FDA-approved BTK inhibitor shown to deliver 100% median occupancy in peripheral blood cells and the only BTK inhibitor with the flexibility to be taken once or twice daily.
China's BeiGene scores first-ever FDA approval — but can they carve up J&J's blockbuster franchise? [EndPoints] Zanubrutinib has shown signs of its potential superiority over existing BTK inhibitors, Oyler said. “In MCL, we’ve reported data we have a higher CR (complete response) rate than ibrutinib or the Astrazeneca molecule…granted its not head-to-head.”
FDA approves therapy to treat patients with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma supported by clinical trial results showing high response rate of tumor shrinkage [FDA] A single-arm clinical trial of Brukinsa (zanubrutinib) included 86 patients with mantle cell lymphoma who had received at least one prior treatment. The trial measured how many patients experienced complete or partial shrinkage of their tumors after treatment (overall response rate).
China's BeiGene gets FDA approval for drug to treat rare form of lymphoma [Reuters] The company tested the treatment, Brukinsa, in 118 patients with mantle cell lymphoma enrolled in two studies. About three-quarters were Asian, 21% Caucasian, and between 10% to 15% were from the United States, BeiGene said.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
I'm the Google whistleblower. The medical data of millions of Americans is at risk [The Guardian] When I learned that Google was acquiring the intimate medical records of 50 million patients, I couldn’t stay silent.
Growing Field of Cardio-Oncology Boosted by Collaboration Between Leading Oncology and Cardiovascular Health Organizations [ASCO] The intersection of CancerLinQ and the Association’s Precision Medicine Platform represents two non-profit organizations in different therapeutic areas coming together to leverage technology that will enable researchers to access information to accelerate scientific discoveries and improve patient outcomes.
	6.7.3 DMP
Yale study: Doctors give electronic health records an ‘F’ [Yale] The study notes that physicians spend one to two hours on EHRs and other deskwork for every hour spent with patients, and an additional one to two hours daily of personal time on EHR-related activities.