Onco Actu du 14 novembre 2019

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
Tumor Organoids For High-Throughput Drug Screening [Bio-IT World] The big unknown is how well tumor organoids reflect drug response in patients, she says. “To go from mirroring what you know has happened to accurately foreseeing what will happen in a patient is a big jump. This is why we want to formally prove clinical utility of these models, which is the next big step.”
CRISPR tool modifies genes precisely by copying RNA into the genome [Nature] The ultimate goal of genome editing is to be able to make any specific change to the blueprint of life. A ‘search-and-replace’ method for genome editing takes us a giant leap closer to this ambitious goal.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
Air pollution nanoparticles linked to brain cancer [McGill University] This is the first study to suggest a relationship with the incidence of brain tumours, although previous work has shown that nanoparticles can get into the brain and that they can carry carcinogenic chemicals.
Air pollution nanoparticles linked to brain cancer for first time [The Guardian] The research analysed the medical records and pollution exposure of 1.9 million adult Canadians from 1991 to 2016. Such large studies provide strong evidence, though not a causal link.
	3.8 PRÉVENTION - ALIMENTATION
Why It Is So Hard to Figure Out What to Eat [NY Times] Most diet trials in the best journals fail even the most basic of quality control measures.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
What makes a cancer test? [Cancer Research UK] With every cancer test you also run the risk of identifying tiny tumours that may not have gone on to cause harm. We have not yet developed a way to distinguish between cancers that are dangerous and need treatment, and those which aren’t and could be safely left alone.
	4.3 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - INDUSTRIELS
NantHealth Announces FDA Marketing Authorization of Omics CoreSM: The Nation’s First Tumor-Normal Mutation Profiling of Overall Tumor Mutational Burden from Whole Exome Sequencing in Solid Tumors [NantHealth] Omics Core additionally reports somatic mutations in 468 cancer-relevant genes accurate to 2% allele frequency providing a means to guide physician treatment decisions.
	4.5 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COLORECTAL
Unacceptable variation in screening colonoscopy [BMJ] Fixing it will require strategic investment in data collection and infrastructure.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Contraceptive drug shows promise for preventing and regressing cervical cancer [Elsevier] Findings reported in The American Journal of Pathology suggest medroxyprogesterone acetate as a new affordable non-invasive approach to combat cervical cancer, particularly for women with limited access to healthcare.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
More trial results are being posted to public database, but data quality is lacking, report finds [STAT] The study found, for instance, that ClinicalTrials.gov is often the only place that any results from trials are shared. Of a sample of 380 trials, 58% didn’t publish their results in a journal by the end of a year’s follow-up.
Targeted Drug Trio Improves Survival in Colorectal Cancer with BRAF Mutations [NCI] A next step, Dr. Allegra said, is to test the combination as an initial, or first-line, treatment in patients newly diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer. But, he cautioned, “before I were to go that direction, I would want to be very sure about the value of three drugs versus two.”
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Divergent HLA Allele Linked to Immunotherapy Efficacy [ESMO] Researchers uncover how immune checkpoint inhibitor response relies on the evolved efficiency of HLA-mediated immunity.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Cellectis Publishes Creation of “Smart CAR T-Cells” for Potentially Safer, More Effective Treatments for Cancer in Nature Communications [Cellectis] Cellectis Researchers Build CAR T-Cells Able to Sense and React to Their Environment by Secreting Therapeutic Proteins That Improve Their Ability to Fight Cancerous Cells.
	5.12.5.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOTECH
Kiadis dumps phase 3 drug, halves head count in pivot to NK cells [Fierce Biotech]] Amsterdam-based Kiadis has focused its attention on lead drug ATIR101 for years, hustling the T-cell immunotherapy through the clinic with a view to winning conditional approval in Europe in patients undergoing transplantation with genetically half-matched hematopoietic stem cells in 2019.
FDA slaps a hold on an AML trial as Marker scraps a failing ovarian cancer program, sinking shares [EndPoints] The AML drug is on Marker’s top programs and attempts to retrain a patients’ T cells to recognize specific tumor types. They had hoped to dose their first Phase II patient before the end of the year.
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
Ahead of FDA decision on BTK drug, Amgen-partnered BeiGene is one step closer to China OK for PD-1 [EndPoints] The OK for tislelizumab would be the first marketed product to be developed by BeiGene, the eminent Beijing-based biotech that Amgen recently took a $2.7 billion stake in.
	5.16 TRAITEMENTS - CHIRURGIE
Study shows secondary surgery does not improve overall survival for recurrent ovarian cancer patients [MD Anderson Cancer Center] The Phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG)-0213 trial results were published today in the New England Journal of Medicine. Early results from this study were first presented at the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting.
Second surgery for many ovarian cancers found ineffective [Reuters] Coleman told Reuters Health in a phone interview that the findings were surprising, but the effectiveness of secondary surgery had not been tested, and the results probably reflect the fact that chemotherapy for ovarian cancer has improved significantly.
	5.17 TRAITEMENTS - RADIOTHÉRAPIE
Lithium can reverse radiation damage after brain tumour treatment [Karolinska Institutet] Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden now show that the memory capacity and learning capability of mice improve if lithium treatment is given after the irradiation of the brain. Mice that were irradiated early in life and then given lithium from adolescence until young adulthood performed just as well as mice who had not been given radiation.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Study: Melanoma rates drop sharply in teens, young adults [University of Washington] Public health efforts to encourage sun-protection behaviors may be gaining traction, say UW Medicine and Fred Hutch researchers.
State of Lung Cancer [Lung.org] While the disease remains the leading cause of cancer deaths among both women and men, over the past 10 years the survival rate has dramatically increased.
More people are surviving lung cancer in the US, report finds [CNN] Over the past decade, the rate of new lung cancer cases diagnosed in the United States has dropped 19% and the five-year survival rate has climbed 26%, according to a new report.
Cases of melanoma are falling among young people in the United States, study says [CNN] Overall cases of melanoma increased from 2001 to 2015, the study said, especially among people 40 and older. But the number of cases among adolescents and young adults dropped more than 23% from 2006 to 2015.
	6.11 PATIENTS
Don't tell cancer patients how long they have to live - the estimate is usually wrong [The Telegraph] Researchers said that giving patients with advanced disease just one estimate, such as telling them they have 12 months to live, was only accurate around 20 to 30 per cent of the time.
	6.5 MÉDECINES ALTERNATIVES/COMPLÉMENTAIRES
Complementary cancer therapies 'do more harm than good' [BBC News] Cancer patients should tell their doctors if they are taking herbal products because some of the ingredients could stop their treatment working, a cancer conference has heard.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
Reveal of Google & Ascension’s data project sparks federal privacy concerns [Fierce Biotech] Members of Congress, as well as the Department of Health and Human Services, have expressed doubts and criticism about the project’s impact and scope—and, namely, how it has been carried out without informing doctors or patients.
HHS to probe whether Google’s ‘Project Nightingale’ followed federal privacy law [STAT] Patients — whose data are shared without their knowledge or specific consent — end up with all the risks, she said, while the benefits, financial or otherwise, go to Google, Ascension, and potentially future patients.
The Right Lesson from the Google-Ascension Patient Privacy Story [Bill of Health] While the media focuses on whether Google and Ascension have complied with the law, we must also ask the more important question: is that current law working or should it be reformed?