Onco Actu du 3 octobre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Mutant cells team up to make an even deadlier blood cancer [Cold Spring Harbor Lab] Specifically, the presence of the IDH2 mutation enhances the errors caused by the SRSF2 mutation, preventing cells in the bone marrow from maturing into the red and white blood cells an AML patient needs to overcome the disease. The team is now exploring ways to quickly shut this cooperation down, creating a powerful means to treat blood cancer.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Fungal Invasion of Pancreas Creates Cancer Risk [NYU Langone Health] Published online in Nature October 2, the study is the first to offer strong evidence that the mycobiome—the local mix of fungal species in the pancreas—can trigger changes that turn normal cells into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).
	2.11 ETIOLOGIE - ALIMENTATION
The Red Meat Controversy [Science-Based Medicine] Much of our nutritional science is toward the weak end of the spectrum, because of the inherent limits of observational data and the difficulty of controlling experimentally what people eat. We have to acknowledge that and be open about these limitations. Pretending otherwise is a misguided strategy and will backfire.
	2.13 ETIOLOGIE - NMDA
10/2/19: UPDATE - FDA provides update on testing of ranitidine for NDMA impurities [FDA] FDA recommends using an LC-HRMS testing protocol to test samples of ranitidine. FDA’s LC-HRMS testing method does not use elevated temperatures and has shown the presence of much lower levels of NDMA in ranitidine medicines than reported by the third-party laboratory.
FDA says finds 'unacceptable level' of carcinogen in Zantac and its generics [Reuters] The FDA, which checked the over-the-counter drugs using a low-heat method of testing, said it found much lower levels of the impurity - N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) - than was discovered with a higher temperature test employed by Valisure.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Lung Damage From Vaping Resembles Chemical Burns, Report Says [NY Times] Two of the cases included in the Mayo Clinic report occurred before 2019, and Dr. Larsen said he suspected that the condition had existed for some time, years perhaps, but that the cases were scattered and the cause was not recognized.
U.S. doctors rule out pneumonia due to inhaled oil as cause of vaping injuries [Reuters] Pathologists from the Mayo Clinic studied lung biopsies from 17 patients in the vaping-related outbreak that has sickened more than 800 and claimed the lives of 16 people in 13 U.S. states. They found that none of the cases had evidence of lipoid pneumonia, a rare diagnosis typically associated with people accidentally inhaling oils into their lungs.
Epidemic of youth nicotine addiction? What does the National Youth Tobacco Survey reveal about high school e-cigarette use in the USA? (Preprint) [Qeios] Data from the NYTS do not support claims of a new epidemic of nicotine addiction stemming from use of e-cigarettes, nor concerns that declines in youth tobacco addiction stand to be reversed after years of progress.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Blame rising cancer overdiagnosis on ‘irrational exuberance’ for early detection [STAT] Paradoxically, overdiagnosis helps fuel the exuberance for early detection. Survival rates skyrocket either because the clock started ticking earlier or the disease was not destined to cause death. More people appear to be cured. And more survivors — as well as more politicians — advocate for more early detection.
	4.5 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COLORECTAL
Personalised and risk based cancer screening [BMJ] The evaluation concluded that, considering the benefits, harms, and unanswered issues, the evidence backing colorectal cancer screening is still fragile and strong recommendations cannot be issued at the moment.
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
Agilent Receives Approval for First PD-L1 Companion Diagnostic in China [Agilent] The assay is now approved as a companion diagnostic to identify patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥1%) for first-line treatment with single-agent KEYTRUDA, an anti-PD-1 therapy manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.
Merck’s KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Now Approved as Monotherapy in China for First-Line Treatment of Certain Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Whose Tumors Express PD-L1 [Merck] KEYTRUDA is First Anti-PD-1 Therapy Approved as Monotherapy and in Combination with Chemotherapy in First-Line Setting for NSCLC in China.
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
NICE shoots down Roche's Tecentriq in tough-to-treat breast cancer [Fierce Pharma] Despite acknowledging that the combo beat out a placebo-chemo combo at staving off disease progression by 2.5 months in patients with whose tumors express biomarker PD-L1, NICE knocked Roche for scanty clinical data comparing the combo to other chemo meds, including weekly paclitaxel and docetaxel.
NICE looks to company to ensure a new treatment for advanced breast cancer with significant unmet need is cost-effective [NICE] Draft guidance published today (3 October 2019) by NICE does not recommend atezolizumab (also called Tecentriq and made by Roche) for treating people with a type of breast cancer called triple A breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and who can’t have surgery to remove it.
	5.2 PHARMA
GSK and AZ-Merck's PARP drugs scored at ESMO. But where does that leave Clovis’ Rubraca? [Fierce Pharma] When GSK unveiled its $5.1 billion deal for Zejula maker Tesaro, industry watchers figured it should read well across the entire PARP class, especially for the other underdog, Clovis’ Rubraca. But now that the Big Pharma players have turned in what could be game-changing clinical results, at least two groups of analysts are worried for the small firm.
As developers work on cracking KRAS, Germany's Boehringer has quietly begun testing its pan-KRAS drug in humans [EndPoints] Unlike Amgen and Mirati, the German drugmaker’s approach is a pan-KRAS inhibitor that hits SOS1 as well as G12C. SOS1 is a protein that turns KRAS from an “off” to “on” state.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Men May Be More Likely to Die than Women [NCI] The findings add to previous research showing differences in death rates between men and women with breast cancer while also providing information about some of the factors that may contribute to the disparity between the sexes.
Decades-Long Drop in Breast Cancer Death Rate Continues [ACS] A decades-long decline in the breast cancer death rate continues, but has begun to slow in recent years, while breast cancer incidence rates continue to inch up.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Novartis, Microsoft ink 5-year AI alliance [Biopharma Dive] The two companies said they would work together to develop applications for Microsoft's artificial intelligence capabilities throughout Novartis' drug development, focusing first on personalizing treatment for age-related macular degeneration and on improving manufacturing of CAR-T cancer therapies.