Onco Actu du 25 octobre 2019

	2.13 ETIOLOGIE - NDMA
FDA investigating whether Zantac causes carcinogens to form in users [Reuters] FDA spokesman Jeremy Kahn said the regulator is now “working to understand what happens to NDMA levels in the body, after ranitidine has been exposed to acid in the stomach.”
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
U.S. vaping-related deaths rise to 34, cases of illness to 1,604 [Reuters] The deaths have occurred in 24 states, as of Oct. 22, among people whose ages ranged from 17 to 75 years.
	3.8 PRÉVENTION - ALIMENTATION
Fiber and Yogurt Tied to Lower Lung Cancer Risk [NY Times] The reason for the association is not clear, said the senior author, Dr. Xiao-Ou Shu of Vanderbilt University, but “inflammation plays a major role in lung cancer, and we know that the gut microbiome plays a major role in reducing inflammation. People who eat a lot of fiber and yogurt have a healthier microbiome.”
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - POUMON
Auris Health Announces Late-Breaking Results from First-in-Human Study of Monarch™ Platform [Johnson & Johnson] Data Presented at CHEST 2019 Demonstrates Efficacy of Monarch to Successfully Reach Nodules and Biopsy Tissue.
Auris shows off data from first-in-human study of its robotic lung biopsy platform [Fierce Biotech] The minimally invasive Monarch system snakes an articulated tube down the patient’s throat and into the lungs, navigating the tight airway passages to reach deeper peripheral lesions. Guided by a surgeon using a video-game-like controller, it can deliver a biopsy needle and retrieve samples once it reaches its destination.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Analysis Shows Women with High Breast Cancer Recurrence Scores Benefit from Chemo [NCI] The 10,000-patient trial investigated the use of the Oncotype DX test to help guide the care of women with hormone receptor‒positive, HER2-negative breast cancer that has not spread to lymph nodes.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Researchers identify possible approach to block medulloblastoma growth [University of North Carolina] When researchers used genetic engineering to remove GSK-3 before tumors form in laboratory models of medulloblastoma, they discovered upregulation of other signals, including an important one called WNT that instructed the cells that form tumors to stop dividing. The result was that by genetically inactivating GSK-3 in mice, they could prevent tumor growth.
Scientists discover new survival strategy for oxygen-starved pancreatic cancer cells [Sanford Burnham Prebys] To see how a pancreatic tumor responds to a disruption in its oxygen supply, the Sanford Burnham Prebys researchers used a mouse model to block an oxygen-sensing protein called HIF1A—which should cripple the tumor’s growth. Instead of dying, however, after about a month the cells multiplied—indicating they had developed a new way to obtain oxygen.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Newly Discovered Immune Cell Subtypes Could Shake Up Immunotherapy [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] The researchers performed their initial studies in mice but extended them to humans. They found that human dendritic cells can be grouped into the same three divisions. This suggests that results from experiments done in mice will be translatable to humans.
Cancer treatment: Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont researcher makes breakthrough immunotherapy discovery [Université de Montréal] Dr Christopher E. Rudd has discovered a new cell therapy approach that boosts the immune response of T lymphocytes to malignant tumours. The results of the study have just been published in the respected journal Nature.
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
European Commission Approves Opdivo (nivolumab) Four-Week Dosing Schedule for the Adjuvant Treatment of Adult Patients with Melanoma with Involvement of Lymph Nodes or Metastatic Disease Who Have Undergone Complete Resection [BMS] In July 2014, Opdivo was the first PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor to receive regulatory approval anywhere in the world. Opdivo is currently approved in more than 65 countries, including the United States, the European Union, Japan and China.
	5.2 PHARMA
AstraZeneca dumps phase 3 renal cell carcinoma program [Fierce Biotech] AstraZeneca has scrapped development of savolitinib as a monotherapy treatment for papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). The phase 3 program was one of five projects removed from AstraZeneca’s pipeline (PDF) in conjunction with its second-quarter results.
AstraZeneca blood cancer drug heading for showdown with AbbVie's [Biopharma Dive] Detailed data are due by the end of the year, with the American Society of Hematology meeting in December a likely forum for a full readout.
Syros pushes for a turnaround with new PhII AML results, but investors are unimpressed [EndPoints] It’s early-stage and the numbers are small, but of the 13 evaluable patients who tested positive for the RARA pathway biomarker Syros’ therapy targets, researchers say that 8 had a complete response. That compared with 8 complete responses out of 22 patients who didn’t have the gene.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Trump set to nominate Texas cancer doctor to head FDA [Washington Post] Trump said he would nominate Stephen Hahn, a radiation oncologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center, to be the next FDA commissioner. If confirmed, Hahn would succeed acting agency head Norman "Ned" Sharpless.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
GSK ups challenge against AZ, Merck's Lynparza with expanded Zejula ovarian cancer nod [Fierce Pharma] Both Lynparza and Clovis Oncology’s Rubraca boast go-aheads in treating advanced ovarian cancer, but only BRCA-mutated cases—for which PARP inhibitors are traditionally known to work. Now, GSK’s Zejula has become the first to expand into the HRD-positive treatment group.
GlaxoSmithKline celebrates another Zejula win in late-line ovarian cancer — and an FDA nod for the HRD biomarker [EndPoints] In that single-arm trial, which recruited a total of 461 patients, investigators specified fourth- and fifth line HRD+ patients were PARP-inhibitor naïve and platinum sensitive as the primary efficacy population. Among the 45-person group, the objective response rate was 29% and duration of response was 9.2 months.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Public funds help late-stage development of about 25% of new drugs, study finds [EndPoints] Researchers at the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) at Harvard Medical School investigated 248 novel drugs in the 10-year window and found that 62 (25%) had documented late-stage research contributions from a publicly supported research institution or spin-off company.
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
The Director of the NIH Lays Out His Vision of the Future of Medical Science [TIME] Another rapidly emerging field, cancer immunotherapy, is also the fruit of decades of basic research. In fact, one fascinating study showed that a successful immunotherapy approach, called checkpoint inhibitors, arose from a century of cumulative work by more than 7,000 researchers, including 2018 Nobel laureates James Allison and Dr. Tasuku Honjo.
	6.11 PATIENTS
Discovered in the valley of the one-eyed lambs, a toxic weed fuels a cancer-drug gold rush — and a quandary [STAT] She wanted PellePharm to guarantee that if you volunteered to test the new drug and it ended up making it to market, you’d get the medicine affordably for the rest of your life. She knew it was an extravagant request.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Using A.I. to Transform Breast Cancer Care [NY Times] According to Dr. Barzilay, oncologists ground their treatment regimens in clinical trials; however, these trials enroll only about 3 percent of the eligible population. The experiences of as many as 97 percent of cancer patients are therefore disregarded.