Onco Actu du 17 octobre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Changes in Chromosome Caps May be A Marker for Tumor Aggression in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 [Johns Hopkins] To assess the importance of ALT in NF1 tumors, Rodriguez, Heaphy and colleagues used fluorescent probes that illuminated the telomeres to examine 426 tumor samples from 256 patients with NF1.
	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
$3.7 million supports crowdsourced database of cancer genomics [WUSTL] Open-source database aims to connect genetics of a tumor to possible treatments.
	1.3 PRIX NOBEL
Nobel Prize for Medicine 2019: Oxygen sensing in cancer [Institute of Cancer Research] These examples highlight how imaging oxygenation to map areas of low oxygen within tumours can be important for patient outcome. But most importantly, these examples demonstrate the importance of fundamental, early-stage research – known as basic science – which can lead to clinical benefits many years later.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
It’s time to eliminate all flavored cigarettes, not just the electronic kind [STAT] The current public focus on vaping and flavored e-cigarettes presents an opportunity for the public health community to make clear the social justice imperative to end the sale of all flavored tobacco products, and demand that menthol cigarettes and flavored little cigars and cigarillos be included in any ban.
	3.6 PRÉVENTION - ACTIVITÉ PHYSIQUE
Expert Panel: Cancer Treatment Plans Should Include Tailored Exercise Prescriptions [American College of Sports Medicine] The comprehensive review and recommendations are outlined in three academic papers published today in two scientific journals.
New international exercise guidelines for cancer survivors [University of British Columbia] In general, the new guidelines recommend survivors perform aerobic and resistance training for approximately 30 minutes per session, three times a week. This is a departure from earlier guidelines, published nearly a decade ago, which advised cancer survivors to meet the general public health guidelines for all Americans — 150 minutes of exercise a week.
Exercise Advice for Surviving Cancer, and Maybe Avoiding It [NY Times] New guidelines say exercise may help cancer patients live longer, or help you avoid getting cancer in the first place.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
NHS to offer women mammograms and smears in lunch breaks in bid to boost cancer survival rates [The Telegraph] A major review of NHS screening today calls for a major overhaul of the current system, warning that repeated delays and blunders by those in charge of it are costing lives.
	4.15 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - IMAGERIE
Glowing particles in the blood may help diagnose and monitor brain cancer [Mass. General Hospital] The scientists showed that, in the presence of 5-ALA, brain cancer cells become fluorescent and secrete fluorescent EVs. Also, when ALA-5 was given to mice with and without brain cancer, fluorescent EVs were present only in the circulating blood of the animals with brain cancer.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Genetic tests: Experts urge caution over home testing [BBC News] The University of Southampton team, writing in the British Medical Journal, warn results can be unreliable. The geneticists said the tests could be wrongly reassuring - or lead to unnecessary worry.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Lilly's Armo buyout drug a bust in pancreatic cancer [Fierce Biotech] Lung cancer is likely the bigger opportunity, and combining it with checkpoint inhibitors could see it become the backbone of a new combo next-gen therapy. A data readout from its midstage tests here is expected in 2020.
Eli Lilly Drug Acquired in Armo Deal Fails Pancreatic Cancer Test [Xconomy] Pegilodecakin is also being tested in combination with a different type of immunotherapy called a checkpoint inhibitor. Two separate Phase 2 studies that Armo began are still evaluating that drug combination as a potential treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.
Lilly cancer drug pipeline hit by trial setback [Biopharma Dive] Lilly offered few details beyond disclosing the drug, called pegilodecakin, did not meet the study's primary endpoint of improving overall survival versus a trio of chemotherapies.
Eli Lilly’s first PhIII showdown for their $1.6B cancer drug just flopped — what now? [EndPoints] When Eli Lilly plunked down $1.6 billion in cash to acquire Armo Biosciences a little more than a year ago, the stars seemed aligned in its favor. The jewel in the crown they were buying was pegilodecakin, which had cleared the proof-of-concept stage and was already in a Phase III trial for pancreatic cancer.
Lilly Announces Phase 3 Study in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Did Not Meet Primary Endpoint of Overall Survival [Lilly] Lilly gained pegilodecakin with the acquisition of ARMO BioSciences in June 2018. SEQUOIA was initiated by ARMO in March 2017 based on results of the Phase 1/1b IVY study, which evaluated pegilodecakin – used as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy and with checkpoint inhibitor therapy – across multiple tumor types including pancreatic, non-small cell lung and renal cell cancers.
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Inactive receptor renders immunotherapies ineffective [Technical University of Munich] RIG-I is a receptor protein that is known to play a role in the body’s defense against viruses. Heidegger and a team headed by his colleague Dr. Hendrik Poeck have now discovered that RIG-I also plays a key role in cancer control.
	5.12.13 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOMARQUEURS
VHIO: driving the development of pioneering cell therapies for non-responders to current immunotherapies [VHIO] The investigators have described a less invasive, blood-based method to identify, measure and track lymphocytes against neoantigens expressed in advanced gastrointestinal cancers including pancreas, gastroesophageal, bile duct, colon and rectum.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Cell therapy player GammaDelta spins off Adaptate to direct body's surveillance system [EndPoints] Gamma delta cells have risen in popularity in oncology research largely because they show potential to bring cell therapy’s effectiveness in blood cancers to solid tumors, although they present other potential advantages, including broader targeting and faster response.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
MedImmune's top cancer researcher jumps ship to small biotech [Fierce Biotech] The company, which is working on developing a new family of antibody-based immunotherapies based on the tumor microenvironment, is preclinical, hoping to plug the gap made by current immuno-oncology therapies and move I-O forward.
	5.2 PHARMA
Trastuzumab deruxtecan granted FDA Priority Review for treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer [AstraZeneca] The BLA is based on the combination of data from the Phase I trial published in The Lancet Oncology and the pivotal Phase II DESTINY-Breast01 trial. The response rate observed in DESTINY-Breast01, as assessed by an independent review committee, validated the clinical activity observed in the Phase I trial.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
With biosimilar threat under control (for now), Roche savors demand for its new drugs [EndPoints] Sales were fueled by demand for Roche’s multiple sclerosis drug Ocrevus, hemophilia treatment Hemlibra, and its oncology products: checkpoint inhibitor Tecentriq and monoclonal antibody Perjeta and older Avastin — which more than offset declines in the sales of its cancer drugs Herceptin and MabThera/Rituxan.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
IUDs associated with lower ovarian cancer risk [Reuters] Researchers examined data from 11 previous studies that tracked individual-level information on IUD (intrauterine device) use and ovarian cancer diagnosis for several hundred thousand women. Overall, women who used IUDs were 32% less likely than other women to develop ovarian cancer.