Onco Actu du 4 septembre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Exposing how pancreatic cancer does its dirty work [Harvard Gazette] Organ-on-a-chip study reveals mechanism that destroys and replaces nearby blood vessels, driving malignancy.
Inhibitory protein puts a lid on an epigenetic marker [Nature] Two reports examine how a protein complex that adds transcription-repressing marks to histone proteins is potently inhibited by the protein EZHIP during the maturation of sperm and egg cells and in a type of brain cancer.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS, MODÈLES
Mouse studies don’t predict results in humans very well [Respectful Insolence] As Dr. Folkman quipped at the time, “If you have cancer and you are a mouse, we can take good care of you”.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Study Provides Up-to-Date Estimate of the National Burden of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Cancers [BWH] Researchers find that about 75 percent of oropharynx cancers are related to sexually transmitted disease; incidence of HPV-related throat cancer is 4.6 per 100,000, peaking at age 60-64.
	2.8 ETIOLOGIE - CONTRACEPTIFS, THS
Study suggests HRT carries higher risk of breast cancer than thought [NHS Choices] To put this into context, 63 out of 1,000 women aged 50 to 69 develop breast cancer. The use of combined HRT for 5 years would cause an extra 15 to 20 cases per 1,000.
	3.4 CHIMIOPRÉVENTION
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation Statement on Medications to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk [USPSTF] Some women at increased risk of breast cancer can benefit from risk-reducing medications.
Medication can lower some women's risk of breast cancer [Reuters] Drawing on findings in more than 5 million women who participated in 46 studies, USPSTF issued two main recommendations in its 2019 updated statement.
Breast Cancer Chemoprevention—Can We Make a Case for Precision Medicine? [JAMA Oncology] The current USPSTF statement continues to bring attention to the challenges of implementation of breast cancer chemoprevention. It is estimated that more than 10 million women in the United States would be eligible for tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer prevention.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Altering Diet Enhances Response to Cancer Treatments in Mice [NCI] In the study, researchers showed that feeding mice a diet very low in the nutrient methionine improved the ability of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to shrink tumors.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Studies Provide Insight on Factors in Clinical Trial Participation and Prospective Benefits [ASCO] One study investigates the relationship between participation in a clinical trial and overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer. The second study discovers and explores a discrepancy between providers’ and patients’ perceived barriers to clinical trial participation.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Achilles raises £100M for personalized T cell solid tumor trials [Fierce Biotech] Achilles has taken two programs to the cusp of the clinic. The British biotech received clearance to start testing one asset in non-small cell lung cancer in January and followed up with a green light to run a trial in melanoma patients the next month.
	5.2 PHARMA
New Sanofi CEO Paul Hudson embarks on fact-finding journey. What's his next move? [Fierce Pharma] Hudson also aims to tap into “magic” at Sanofi by using digital technologies in R&D and marketing, the CEO told Stat. It's a natural move for Hudson, who homed in on digital at Novartis.
	5.2.1 PHARMA - PARTENARIATS
Boehringer Ingelheim Expands KRAS Cancer Program with Lupin’s Clinical Stage MEK Inhibitor Compound [Boehringer Ingelheim] The partnership aims to develop Lupin’s lead MEK inhibitor compound in combination with one of Boehringer Ingelheim’s innovative KRAS inhibitors for patients with gastrointestinal and lung cancers harboring a broad range of oncogenic KRAS mutations.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Biopharmaceutical companies aren’t free-riding on government research [Boston Globe] These lawmakers prefer to believe that federally funded scientists develop medicines on their own — and that private-sector firms simply take advantage of this work to manufacture the medicines, earning billions as a result. Nothing could be further from the truth.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Tagrisso approved in China as a 1st-line treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer [AstraZeneca] In the Phase III FLAURA trial, Tagrisso significantly increased the time patients lived without disease progression versus the comparator.
AstraZeneca's Tagrisso gets China OK for type of lung cancer [Reuters] Sales from AstraZeneca’s oncology unit soared 57% to $2.17 billion in the second quarter, accounting for 38% of total product sales, with revenue from Tagrisso nearly doubling to $784 million.
	5.6 ESMO
Winners of ESMO 2019 awards announced [ESMO] The four distinguished clinicians and scientists will be formally honoured during the ESMO 2019 Congress in Barcelona, on Friday, 27 September.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Cancer overtakes heart disease as biggest rich-world killer [Reuters] Publishing the findings of two large studies in The Lancet medical journal, the scientists said they showed evidence of a new global “epidemiologic transition” between different types of chronic disease.
Cancer 'biggest middle-age killer in rich nations' [BBC News] Researchers led by a team from Canada's McMaster University looked at the fate of 160,000 people enrolled in the programme, between 2005 and 2016. These people had an average age of 50 at the start.
Cancer now tops heart disease as the No. 1 cause of death in these countries [CNN] The researchers noted in the study that "this epidemiological transition" might be due to improved prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in high-income countries, whereas successful strategies to prevent and treat cancers, other than tobacco control, are yet to lead to large reductions in most cancers.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
Big data and health [The Lancet Digital Health] When a health-care system is set up primarily to finance providers of downstream services such as disease or injury diagnosis and treatment, rather than on health preservation, the full societal benefit of precision health technologies might not be realised.
What Statistics Can and Can’t Tell Us About Ourselves [New Yorker] It’s not that scientific fraud is common; it’s that too many researchers have failed to handle uncertainty with sufficient care. This issue has only been exacerbated in the era of Big Data.