Onco Actu du 16 septembre 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
How breast cancer uses exosomes to metastasize to the brain [Boston Children's Hospital] Morad and Moses showed, for the first time, that rather than squeezing in between the cells in the blood brain barrier to get into the brain, the exosomes, also known as extracellular vesicles or EVs, trick the endothelial cells into taking them up.
New way to target cancer’s diversity and evolution [Institute of Cancer Research] “Cancer cells take advantage of alternative splicing to diversify, evolve and escape the body’s regulatory mechanisms. By determining the detailed molecular structure of one of the key protein molecules involved in alternative splicing, we have opened up potentially exciting new avenues for cancer treatment.”
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Papillomaviruses may be able to be spread by blood [Penn State] While HPV is specific to humans and cannot be tested directly in animal models, the researchers said there are several different strains of papillomavirus that do exist in animals and can be a good approximation of how HPV may work in humans.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Vaping Bad: Were 2 Wisconsin Brothers the Walter Whites of THC Oils? [NY Times] As authorities work to understand the spate of vaping-related lung illnesses, a small-town drug bust offers a closer look at the vast black market for vaping supplies.
Russia plans excise taxes on e-cigarettes - media [Reuters] Russia in the past decade has tightened tobacco sales regulations as part of a wider campaign to reduce smoking. “The manufacturers of these products are actually pulling (people) into a new malicious campaign, we need to resist,” Interfax quoted Skvortsova as saying.
New York Moves to Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes by Emergency Order [NY Times] The state would become the second in the nation, behind Michigan, to outlaw sale of the fruity flavors popular with children and teenagers.
New York Set To Join Michigan In Banning Some E-Cigarettes [NPR] "Vaping is dangerous," the governor said. "At a minimum, it is addicting young people to nicotine at a very early age." "We would ban all flavors besides tobacco and menthol," he said.
After six deaths in the US and bans around the world – is vaping safe? [The Guardian] In Britain, e-cigarettes are seen as central to the fight against smoking, but many experts believe the evidence is contradictory.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Same but different: unique lung cancer traits key to targeted therapies [Walter and Eliza Hall Institute] Cancers with a co-mutation in the gene TP53 were flooded with immune cells, while tumours with a co-mutation in the gene KEAP1 changed their metabolism, how they make energy to fuel the tumour cell. We exploited these unique tumour traits, either by depleting the immune cells in tumour tissue or blocking the energy-producing machinery, and this proved effective in inhibiting tumour progression.
	5.12.13 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - BIOMARQUEURS
Can scientists predict which cancer markers are likely to trigger an immune response? [UNC] Scientists at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have designed and validated a model for predicting what might make an effective cancer vaccine against a patient’s tumor. This finding could help overcome a significant obstacle in the development of personalized cancer vaccines.
	5.2 PHARMA
Celgene's phase 3 AML test chalks up a win [Fierce Biotech] Patients who took the cytidine nucleoside analog lived longer than their peers on placebo, setting Celgene up to file for approval of the drug in the first half of next year.
Genmab Announces Positive Topline Results in Phase III Study of Daratumumab in Combination with Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma [Genmab] Data to be discussed with health authorities in preparation for regulatory submissions.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Zantac and some OTC meds found to contain suspected carcinogen first discovered in blood pressure drugs [Fierce Pharma] In a statement, Sanofi pointed out that Zantac has been sold over the country for more than a decade and meets all of the FDA's requirements. But it said it is working the the FDA on the matter.
FDA and EMA are now probing carcinogen in Zantac and other heartburn meds [STAT] The EMA, by the way, separately noted that traces of the impurity were also found in a diabetes medicine but were found to be within acceptably safe limits.
EMA to review ranitidine medicines following detection of NDMA [EMA] NDMA is classified as a probable human carcinogen (a substance that could cause cancer) on the basis of animal studies. It is present in some foods and in water supplies but is not expected to cause harm when ingested in very low levels.
EMA to provide guidance on avoiding nitrosamines in human medicines [EMA] The Committee will also evaluate all available scientific knowledge on the presence of nitrosamines in medicines and advise regulatory authorities on actions to take if companies find nitrosamines in their medicines.
	5.6 ESMO
AstraZeneca redefines cancer treatment with practice-changing data at ESMO 2019 [AstraZeneca] Pivotal Phase III data focuses on improving overall survival across lung cancers and breaking treatment boundaries in ovarian, prostate and pancreatic cancers.
	5.9.1 ASTRO
Long-term hormone therapy increases mortality risk for men with low PSA levels after prostate surgery [ASTRO] Based on these findings, Dr. Spratt said he believes clinical guidelines for treating men with recurrent prostate cancer should be reconsidered. “For post-operative patients with low PSAs,” he said, “they do very well with just radiation therapy after surgery. They actually have very good long-term outcomes.”
Women equally satisfied with cosmetic results of both partial and whole breast radiation therapy after lumpectomy [ASTRO] Partial breast radiation can be an appealing treatment option, because the radiation is delivered over several days to a smaller area around the surgical site instead of 3 to 4 weeks to the entire breast.
Trial reports randomized evidence high-dose radiation is effective for men whose prostate cancer has spread [ASTRO] The phase II trial found that radiation therapy can generate an immune system response not previously believed possible in this type of cancer.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Understanding risks for childhood cancer survivors [UChicago Medicine] They studied the cases of 274 female cancer survivors who had been diagnosed with cancer between 1970 and 1986 (before they were 21) and were subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer as adults. They then compared their cases to a group of more than 1,000 breast cancer patients who hadn’t been diagnosed with cancer previously.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science [National Academies Press] Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.