Onco Actu du 4 juillet 2019

	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Research Clarifies How IDH Mutations Cause Cancer [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] In the PNAS paper, the investigators dove deeper into the specific epigenetic changes caused by IDH mutations. “What we found was that they didn’t have much to do with DNA methylation, which is what we previously thought,” Dr. Schvartzman says. “Instead, they were related to methylation on histones.”
Ovarian and breast cancer research finds new ways BRCA1 gene functions [University of Birmingham] University of Birmingham researchers, in collaboration with scientists at Imperial College London, have found that BRCA1 changes shape in order to protect vulnerable DNA until the copying machinery can be restarted.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
U.S. judge to slash $80 million Roundup jury verdict: court hearing [Reuters] U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria in San Francisco said the jury’s $75 million punitive damages award to plaintiff Edwin Hardeman in March could not stand.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Juul Doesn't Need To Advertise To Young People. Everyone Else Is Doing It For Them [NPR] The study analyzed nearly 15,000 Juul-relevant posts from 5,201 unique Instagram users between March and May of 2018. Juul itself was the author of only a tiny fraction of these posts.
	3.2 PRÉVENTION - OBÉSITÉ
Obesity rivals smoking as cause of cancer, UK charity warns [The Guardian] Although cancer survival is at a record high, this significant progress is in danger of being undone by the fast-growing epidemic of obesity, given excess weight is linked to 13 types of cancer.
	3.8 PRÉVENTION - ALIMENTATION
Men who eat yogurt may have lower colon cancer risk [Reuters] Researchers examined data on 32,606 male and 55,743 female health professionals who had a colonoscopy between 1986 and 2012. Study participants provided detailed information about their health, lifestyle, eating and exercise habits every four years.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
New name for breast-cancer syndrome could help to save lives [Nature] Depending on the population, between 1 in 40 and 1 in 400 people carry a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. As such, I estimate that this confusion could be affecting thousands of people with cancer, and their families.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Imprinted Spheres Fight Breast Cancer: Inhibition of HER2 on tumor cells by molecularly imprinted nanoparticles [Wiley] A particularly aggressive, metastasizing form of cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, may be treated with nanoscopic particles “imprinted” with specific binding sites for the receptor molecule HER2. As reported by Chinese researchers in the journal Angewandte Chemie, the selective binding of the nanoparticles to HER2 significantly inhibits multiplication of the tumor cells.
Novel computer model supports cancer therapy [University of Luxembourg] The researchers created digital models of healthy and of cancerous cells and fed them with gene sequencing data from 10,000 patients of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of the American National Cancer Institute (NCI).
High doses of 60-plus year-old chemotherapy drug found to spur immune system attack on lymphoma [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] “Our results show that, at high doses, cyclophosphamide and other alkylating agents blur the line between chemotherapy and immunotherapy.”
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Boston Biomedical's lead drug fizzles in difficult-to-treat pancreatic cancer [EndPoints] Boston Biomedical, which is a subsidiary of Japan’s Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, is also testing napabucasin in a late-stage trial in metastatic colorectal cancer, as well as in earlier-stage studies in solid tumors.
Stephenson Cancer Center Physician Is Lead Author of New Study Showing Drug Prolongs Life for Patients With Ovarian Cancer [Stephenson Cancer Center] Among women who responded to their last chemotherapy treatment, 27 percent responded well to niraparib and averaged 9.2 months until the disease grew or spread. Participants in the study had an overall survival time of more than 20 months, which is quite remarkable in this late line of therapy, Moore said.
Attempt to replicate clinical trials with real-world data generates real-world criticism, too [STAT] Late last month, New York private health care company Aetion published the findings of a study in which real-world evidence was used to try to replicate the results of a specific randomized, controlled clinical trial. Did it work? It depends on who you ask.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Immunotherapy for Urothelial Cancer: Where Are the Randomized Trials? [JCO] This represents a worrisome departure from the paradigm of evidence development and challenges the compromise inherent in accelerated drug approval. The evolving story of IO in advanced UC leads one to wonder: have we abandoned the need for level 1 evidence and RCTs?
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Drug That Hits CAR T Snooze Button Can Quiet a Cytokine Storm [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] Using a mouse model of CRS developed by the MSK researchers, the team found that prompt administration of dasatinib could increase the survival of mice facing severe CRS from 25% to 70%. What’s more, the effect is reversible and does not impair the cells’ long-term tumor-killing ability.
Bacteria Engineered as Trojan Horse for Cancer Immunotherapy [Columbia University] Programmable bacteria clear tumors in mouse models, and also treat distant tumors that were not injected; this novel method could be used to locally prime tumors and stimulate the immune system to seek out difficult-to-treat tumors
Immune-boosting compound makes immunotherapy effective against pancreatic cancer [Washington University] The findings, published July 3 in Science Translational Medicine, suggest that the immune-boosting compound could potentially make resistant pancreatic cancers susceptible to immunotherapy and improve treatment options for people with the devastating disease.
New Weapons Against Cancer: Millions of Bacteria Programmed to Kill [NY Times] Genetically modified microbes release “nanobodies” that alert the immune system to cancer in mice, scientists report.
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Innovation Prizes To Support Cell And Gene Therapy [Health Affairs] Rather than fund R&D for cell and gene therapy primarily through patent-protected prices, this is the moment to acknowledge the shortcomings of the conventional financing framework and to consider expanding it to a portfolio of alternatives.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Call for all sponsors to publish clinical trial results in EU database [EMA] The European Commission (EC), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Heads of Medicines Agencies (HMA) have co-signed a letter reminding all sponsors of clinical trials conducted in the European Union of their obligation to make summaries of results of concluded trials publicly available in the EU Clinical Trials Database.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Karyopharm bags an upset win at the FDA as regulators OK myeloma drug despite a host of objections [EndPoints] The approval came despite a solid majority of experts on an outside panel who voted against a quick OK, preferring to see the Phase III data first.
Karyopharm Therapeutics prices blood cancer treatment after FDA approval [Reuters] Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc on Wednesday set a list-price for its blood cancer treatment Xpovio (selinexor ) at $22,000 per month, following accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
FDA grants accelerated approval to selinexor for multiple myeloma [FDA] Efficacy was evaluated in 122 patients enrolled in Part 2 of STORM (KCP-330-012; NCT02336815), a multicenter, single-arm, open-label study of patients with RRMM who had previously received three or more anti-myeloma treatment regimens including an alkylating agent, glucocorticoids, bortezomib, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Tied to Dementia [NY Times] The study, in JAMA Network Open, included 154,089 men whose average age was 74 and who had diagnoses of prostate cancer. Of these, 62,330 received A.D.T. and the rest did not.
Risk of dementia rises with prostate cancer hormone-blocking therapy [Reuters] Greater exposure was also tied to greater risk: Men who got one to four doses of androgen deprivation therapy had a 19% higher risk for Alzheimer’s or dementia, while those who had eight or more doses had a 24% higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s and a 21% higher risk of developing dementia.
	6.4 MÉDICO-ÉCO
The Costs of Cancer in 2015: 8.7 Million Years of Life and $94 Billion in Lost Earnings [ACS] New analysis identifies which cancers and which states are associated with the greatest cost.
Cancer deaths in the U.S. cost $94B in lost earnings in 2015 [UPI] Deaths from cancer among people between age 16 and 84 cost the U.S. nearly 9 million years of life and more than $94 billion in lost earnings in 2015, according to research published Wednesday in JAMA Oncology.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Oncologists are guardedly optimistic about AI. But will it drive real improvements in cancer care? [STAT] To get a better handle on the collective “take” on artificial intelligence for cancer care, my colleagues and I at Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions fielded a survey of more than 180 oncologists.
	6.8 COMMUNICATION
Facebook joins Google in deprioritizing medical misinformation: Are social media companies finally “getting it”? [Respectful Insolence] Will these actions by Facebook, Google, and other tech giants to clean up their platform and block their platforms’ use to facilitate the spread of antivaccine views and other dangerous health misinformation? That remains to be seen.