Onco Actu du 11 juillet 2019

	2. ETIOLOGIE
Night Shift Work Classified as Probably Carcinogenic to Humans [ESMO] The largest number of informative studies examined breast cancer, several examined prostate and colorectal cancer, while fewer were done on other cancers. The Working Group concluded there was limited evidence that night shift work causes breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer.
Having fewer 'friendly vaginal bacteria' linked to ovarian cancer [NHS Choices] While the results suggest that vaginal bacteria may play a role, the research is still at a very early stage. Even when such a link is found, it's possible that it's not the bacteria directly influencing cancer risk, but some other factor that affects both bacteria and cancer.
	2.11 ETIOLOGIE - ALIMENTATION
Are sugary drinks causing cancer? [BBC News] For every 1,000 people in the study, there were 22 cancers. So, if they all drank an extra 100ml a day, it would result in four more cancers - taking the total to 26 per 1,000 per five years, according to the researchers.
Sugary Drinks Linked to Cancer Onset [NY Times] “We cannot make a causal inference,” said the senior author, Mathilde Touvier, a research director at Inserm, the French public health research center. “But we took into account many demographic and lifestyle factors, and the association was still significant.”
Study finds possible link between sugary drinks and cancer [Reuters] When the sugary drinkers were divided into those who drank fruit juices and those who drank other sweet drinks, both groups were also linked with a higher risk of overall cancer. For prostate and colorectal cancers, no link was found, but the researchers said this might have been because the numbers of cases of these cancers in the study participants was limited.
Sugar in fruit juice may raise risk of cancer, study finds [The Guardian] “Whilst there was some evidence for an association between sugary drink consumption and the risk of developing breast cancer, the same association was not found for colorectal or prostate cancers. Further research into the biological mechanism between sugary drink consumption and specific cancers is needed to establish if one does indeed cause the other.”
	2.7 ETIOLOGIE - OBÉSITÉ
Maternal obesity linked to childhood cancer [MedicalXpress] Stacy and colleagues pored through nearly 2 million birth records and about 3,000 cancer registry records filed in the state of Pennsylvania between 2003 and 2016 and found that children born to severely obese mothers—BMI above 40—had a 57% higher risk of developing leukemia before age 5. Weight and height also were individually associated with increased leukemia risk.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
Research Brief: Cigarettes marketed as “natural” and “organic” are loaded with nicotine and toxicants, just like other cigarettes [University of Minnesota] The researchers investigated both the tobacco used in Natural American Spirit cigarettes and the smoke they produce. The smoke was analyzed using a smoking machine, a device that simulates puffing on a cigarette and measures the chemicals emitted.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Vape shops open in two UK hospitals to help smokers kick the habit [The Guardian] West Midlands trust brings in £50 fines for lighting up as part of clampdown on smoking.
How FDA is Regulating E-Cigarettes [FDA] When I was Director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), I would be frequently asked “What topic in cancer research and cancer care keeps you up at night?” I always answered this question the same way: “tobacco control in the era of e-cigarettes.”
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - POUMON
Multi-Gene Panel Testing Moderately Cost Effective for Lung Cancer Patients [Genome Web] Notably, however, the researchers found a discrepancy between the number of patients for whom a multi-marker test found an actionable mutation and the percentage of those patients who actually received a targeted therapy.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Therapeutic Strategies Based on Evolutionary Principles May Be Key to Improving Patient Outcomes [Moffitt Cancer Center] Rather than using the dynamics of mass extinctions, Moffitt researchers believe that a more effective approach can be found in the evolutionary dynamics of background extinctions.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Cancer biologists identify new drug combo [MIT] Two drugs that block cell division synergize to kill tumor cells.
An effort to map cancer’s weak spots is starting to reveal new drug targets [Broad Institute] Broad researchers and their colleagues are analyzing hundreds of cancer cell lines, exposing them to a large collection of drugs to see which ones kill the cells. They are also using a suite of genetic technologies, including RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, to systematically turn off hundreds of genes, one at a time, and home in on key genes the cancer cells need to survive.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Score! 'Good Pharma' ranking finds uptick in new drug data sharing and clinical trial transparency [Fierce Pharma] Now in its third edition, the research found Big Pharma data sharing around clinical research on the upswing, with 95% of patient trials now providing public results within six months of FDA approval. If the time period is extended to 12 months, that improves to 100% for the new drugs reviewed after approval in 2015.
Data sharing in clinical trials: keeping score [BMJ] The Good Pharma Scorecard is a vital tool in ensuring ethical and responsible data-sharing, say Jennifer E. Miller and Amy Price.
	5.2 PHARMA
FDA accepts BLA filing for Sanofi's rival to J&J's Darzalex [Fierce Biotech] Sanofi could gain the chance to challenge J&J in the U.S. next year. The FDA recently accepted a filing for approval of the drug, setting a PDUFA date of April 30. The FDA action comes shortly after its European counterpart accepted a filing for approval in its jurisdiction.
Nanobiotix Announces Publication Of Phase III Soft Tissue Sarcoma Data For First-In-Class NBTXR3 In The Lancet Oncology [Nanobiotix] The trial validates the clinical application of the mode of action of this new class of treatment, which supports further investigation in a larger field of indications.
	5.2.1 PHARMA - PARTENARIATS
Mirati Announces Clinical Collaboration to Evaluate MRTX849 in Combination with SHP2 Inhibitor TNO155 [Mirati] SHP2 is an important mediator of cellular signaling through the RAS/MAP kinase pathway and is frequently overactive in various types of cancer. Preclinical data has shown that the combination of a KRAS G12C inhibitor with a SHP2 inhibitor results in increased anti-tumor activity based on their complementary mechanisms of action.
Amgen's KRAS success has other drugmakers eager to follow [Biopharma Dive] Mirati will now also be working with Novartis on a combination study that will pair Mirati's KRAS G12C inhibitor with Novartis' experimental SHP2 inhibitor, called TNO155. A protein, SHP2 is thought to play a role in cell growth signaling via the RAS pathway.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Revolution Medicines snags $100M to attack RAS-mutated cancers [Fierce Biotech] The new infusion comes nine months after Revolution snapped up Warp Drive Bio, folding in the latter’s SMART modality platform—small molecules that bind to intracellular receptor proteins and essentially create a biologic drug complex that operates within a cell—with its own work in undruggable targets.
Genmab steps up for a $500M IPO haul, with its sights on a record-setting market cap [EndPoints] Genmab and their longtime partners at J&J have been steadily expanding the reach of their leading CD38 drug Darzalex, which may soon face competition from Sanofi.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA promises ‘elevated’ new drug approvals, but warns of potential pitfalls: report [Fierce Pharma] But what seems like good news for the drug industry and patients could backfire in more ways than one, Woodcock warned. An immediate challenge is that the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) might not have enough resources to handle a potential flood of new drug applications stemming from advances like gene therapy, she said.
New drugs: where did we go wrong and what can we do better? [BMJ] More than half of new drugs entering the German healthcare system have not been shown to add benefit. Beate Wieseler and colleagues argue that international drug development processes and policies are responsible and must be reformed.
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
Helping Dogs—and Humans—with Cancer: NCI’s Comparative Oncology Studies [NCI] Although no animal can perfectly model exactly how a drug will act in humans, some scientists believe that studies in dogs may provide a better indicator of a drug’s potential in humans than studies in other animals.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Are doctors treating more thyroid cancer patients than necessary? [Science Daily] The researchers analyzed more than 32,000 thyroid cancer cases identified through the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. They found more than half of patients were low-risk. About 25 percent of the low-risk patients received radioactive iodine ablation treatment, the researchers report.
	6.11 PATIENTS
From biotech CEO to ‘expert patient:’ HPV awareness advocate Michael Becker dies [Fierce Biotech] He chronicled his journey in a book, A Walk With Purpose, and on his blog, working to raise awareness of HPV’s link to multiple cancers and hoping to boost the rate of HPV vaccination in adolescents.
Every data point has a face: What Michael Becker taught us [STAT] Becker, who had served as CEO of one company, Cytogen, and chief financial officer of another, Relmada Therapeutics, also served as a reminder to people in biotechnology that people suffering from disease are not abstractions.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
University of California loses access to new journal articles published by Elsevier after research access fight [STAT] The UC system paid Elsevier more than $10 million in 2018 for journal subscriptions. On top of that, UC researchers collectively pay nearly $1 million annually — often thousands of dollars per article — in preparation fees to make their research freely available to the public online.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
Olfactory mucosa tumors: Another complication of stem cell treatments [Respectful Insolence] As the FDA tries to crack down on the most egregious offenders selling stem cell quackery, there comes another reminder that, contrary to what stem cell entrepreneurs tell us, these treatments are not without risk—in some cases, significant risk, in the form of a case report from Newfoundland in Canada of a man with a cervical spine mass after a stem cell treatment.
Canada case highlights possible long-term risks of experimental stem cell therapy [STAT] A report in the journal CMAJ details the case of a 38-year-old man who developed a benign tumor on his spinal cord that his doctors linked to an experimental stem cell treatment he received 12 years earlier. They said his case highlights the hazards of unproven stem cell-based therapies, as well as the length of time it can take for serious problems to arise.