Onco Actu du 7 juin 2019

	1.1 BIOLOGIE - GÉNOME
Redefining normal: Study shows mutations even in healthy tissues throughout the body [STAT] “Just because you see a cancer-associated mutation, it doesn’t necessarily mean the patient has cancer. That’s something that diagnosticians and clinicians definitely have to take into account.”
Accumulated Mutations Create A Cellular Mosaic In Our Bodies [NPR] "We need to distinguish between ones that eventually could become cancer and ones that maybe are on a dead end and will never become cancers," Getz adds. "And I don't think we know yet what dictates what path the cells would take."
Researchers spot mutations that crop up in normal cells as we age [Broad Institute] Could such mutations affect efforts to detect cancer early? For example a promising detection method called “blood biopsies” searches the blood for scraps of DNA shed from tumor cells. If it turns out that normal cells also release DNA with cancer-related mutations into the blood, that could complicate such detection efforts, the scientists noted.
The human body is a mosaic of different genomes [Nature] Survey finds that ‘normal’ human tissues are riddled with mutations.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Walking Speed Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults with Blood Cancers [ASH] Researchers say these results support efforts to integrate gait speed as a routine part of medical assessments for older patients with blood cancer, and it should be measured over time to guide treatment plans.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
In a surprise, Hans Bishop takes over as CEO of Grail, the liquid biopsy startup [STAT] Bishop, who led Juno until it was sold to Celgene for $9 billion in March 2018, will be the third chief executive Grail has had since it was founded in 2015.
Ex-Juno chief Hans Bishop takes the helm at cancer testing startup Grail in a shakeup as IPO rumors percolate [EndPoints] Bishop will vault to the top of an organization that is looking to revolutionize the early detection of cancer — along with a laundry list of deep-pocketed rivals.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Putting the Glam in Mammogram [NY Times] Clinics are trying to improve the experience to get women to show up for regular appointments.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Drug makes tumors more susceptible to chemo [MIT] Chatterjee then tested the drug combination in mice with human melanoma tumors and found that the tumors shrank much more than tumors treated with cisplatin alone. They now hope that their findings will lead to further research on compounds that could act as translesion synthesis inhibitors to enhance the killing effects of existing chemotherapy drugs.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
AstraZeneca stocks up on Calquence ammunition for big BTK rivalry with J&J, AbbVie [EndPoints] There was, however, no word on other outcome measures such as objective response rate, time to next treatment and overall survival.
AstraZeneca's blood cancer drug meets main goal in late-stage trial [Reuters] Calquence is currently approved for treating adults with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma in the United States, Brazil, UAE and Qatar, and is being developed for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other blood cancers.
	5.17 TRAITEMENTS - RADIOTHÉRAPIE
Advanced Accelerator Applications Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for LysaKare® [Novartis] The kidneys are the primary dose limiting organs for PRRT with Lutathera, and a lysine and arginine amino acid solution is co-administered to patients to reduce renal uptake and retention of Lutathera, thus reducing renal radiation exposure by approximately 50% and mitigating the risk for radiation-induced renal injury.
	5.2 PHARMA
Takeda Provides Update on TOURMALINE-AL1 Phase 3 Trial in AL Amyloidosis [Takeda] Treatment with NINLARO (ixazomib) in combination with dexamethasone did not demonstrate a significant improvement in overall hematologic response compared to physician’s choice of standard of care regimens. As a result of this analysis, Takeda has decided to discontinue the trial.
Takeda swings and misses with Ninlaro in AL amyloidosis, calls off phase 3 trial [Fierce Pharma] With its once-biggest seller Velcade bracing for generic competition, Takeda has big plans for its oral multiple myeloma drug Ninlaro. But now, the med has suffered two setbacks in the span of a few months.
Takeda suffers another setback in its quest to expand myeloma drug’s reach — and blockbuster potential [EndPoints] The pharma giant says Ninlaro (Ixazomib Citrate) combined with dexamethasone failed to provide significant help for patients with rare cases of systemic light-chain amyloidosis, so now they’re scrapping the entire Phase III program.
A struggling Sanofi is preparing to hire Novartis senior pharma exec Paul Hudson as new CEO, replacing Brandicourt -- report [EndPoints] Hudson joined Novartis and the executive committee just three years ago, after serving as the US pharma chief for AstraZeneca. He has a degree in economics from Manchester Metropolitan University in the UK.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Atezolizumab in combination for treating metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer [NICE] It is recommended only if: - atezolizumab and bevacizumab are stopped at 2 years of uninterrupted treatment, or earlier if there is loss of clinical benefit (for atezolizumab) or if the disease progresses (for bevacizumab) and - the company provides atezolizumab and bevacizumab according to the commercial arrangements.
	5.5.16 ASCO (MÉDECINE DE PRÉCISION)
TAPUR Study Investigators Report First Positive Findings, Pursuing Tissue-Agnostic Cohorts [Genome Web] While some TAPUR cohorts are enrolling and reporting out safety and efficacy data relatively quickly, many of the arms will take a very long time to enroll because the biomarkers of interest are so rare in the population.
Targeting DNA Repair in Metastatic Pancreatic and Prostate Cancers [ESMO] There is a dozen of currently approved indications for PARP inhibitors for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers and the results from additional studies shifting to front-line management are awaited. The studies presented at 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting further expand PARP inhibitors portfolio. In particular, POLO is the first phase III trial to validate a biomarker-driven treatment in metastatic pancreatic cancer.
	6.5 MÉDECINES ALTERNATIVES/COMPLÉMENTAIRES
The World Health Organization’s decision about traditional Chinese medicine could backfire [Nature] Whatever its aims, the WHO’s chapter is unlikely to do anything other than fuel the expanding sales of largely unproven treatments.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Plan S: the final cut [The Lancet] We stand for values and activities beyond publication—campaigning, for example, for the right to health, health equity, and social justice. Publishing in (or subscribing to) a Lancet title brings authors (and readers) inside this community of values. Deeming those values irrelevant is harmful to health and medical science. Coalition S partners must respect and protect those values during the welcome acceleration to a more open access world