Onco Actu du 3 juin 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Priorities for the next 10 years of human microbiome research [Nature] I think that interventions that could help to treat conditions such as diabetes, cancer and autoimmune diseases will be discovered only if we move beyond species catalogues and begin to understand the complex and mutable ecological and evolutionary relationships that microbes have with each other and with their hosts.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Genomics institute to close world-leading animal facility [Nature] The institute says that the closure, announced to staff on 16 May, is a consequence of a move towards using alternative technologies, such as cell lines and organoids — 3D biological structures that can be grown in a dish — in genetics research, instead of animals.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Next Generation Sequencing—Testing Multiple Genetic Markers at Once [JAMA Oncology] Next generation sequencing is most appropriate for patients who have a cancer in which there are several identified molecular targets that are commonly seen. For other cancers, NGS has a possibility of identifying a mutation that represents a new treatment option, but the odds of this may be very low.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
A lifesaver with a catch: Powerful new cancer drugs can trigger diabetes — and no one is certain why [STAT] The new grant money will go toward launching a massive prospective study involving 1,500 to 2,000 patients undergoing checkpoint inhibitor therapy at more than 30 community hospitals and clinics across the United States. Only a few dozen may eventually develop diabetes — but researchers won’t know whom in advance.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
The coming glut? Cancer cell therapy trials are booming as China rivals US on new projects [EndPoints] While plenty of new research highlights the potential for major progress for cancer patients, regulators have been increasingly uneasy over the intense rivalries that have sprung up the world over, as developers compete for patients to test their therapies.
	5.16 TRAITEMENTS - CHIRURGIE
How a New Jersey hospital used a misguided study of robotic surgery to wage an ill-fated war on breast cancer [The Cancer Letter] FDA begs to differ. The agency has not cleared the da Vinci Surgical System—the premier device for robotic surgery—for use in treatment or prevention of breast cancer. Top-tier academic institutions disagree as well.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
15 new cancer drugs debuted in 2018—along with one big leap in drug spending [Fierce Pharma] A record number of new drugs launched in the U.S., at 15 all told, and global spending on oncology treatments leapt by almost 13%. Which leads us to a couple of triple-digit stats: That spending leap pushed the cancer drug outlay to nearly $150 billion for 2018—a figure that's expected to hit $240 billion in 2023.
Global Oncology Trends 2019 [Iqvia] Despite high levels of pipeline activity, oncology remains one of the most challenging areas for research and development, facing significant risk of failure and long development times. The composite success rate for phase transitions fell to 8.0% in 2018 from 11.7% in 2017, and clinical trial duration remains higher for oncology trials than other disease areas.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA should reassess postmarket trials for cancer drugs approved via accelerated pathway, researchers say [EndPoints] The researchers addressed potential critics who may disagree that it is important to demonstrate an OS benefit to verify a clinical benefit. They use the example of imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which was approved without the need to report OS benefit in trials.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 27-29 May 2019 [EMA] The applicant for Doxolipad (doxorubicin) requested a re-examination of the Committee's negative opinion adopted at the January 2019 meeting. After considering the grounds for this request, the CHMP re-examined the initial opinion and confirmed its previous recommendation to refuse the granting of a marketing authorisation for this medicine, which was intended for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Lung cancer deaths in women are increasing globally. It’s a hidden but preventable epidemic [Cancer Research UK] Professor Hawkes has spent much of her career researching the impact of gender on health. Her research on tobacco has highlighted how profoundly the two factors can influence one another.
Annual Report to the Nation: Overall cancer mortality continues to decline; Special section on adults ages 20 to 49 shows higher cancer incidence and mortality for women than men [NCI] “The greater cancer burden among women than men ages 20 to 49 was a striking finding of this study,” said Elizabeth Ward, Ph.D., lead author of the study and a consultant at NAACCR.
Major study finds no link between night shift work and breast cancer [NHS Choices] The study looked in detail at shift work and time spent working shifts, and at different types of breast cancer. It found no convincing evidence that night shift work increases the risk of any type of breast cancer. But the study has a couple of limitations to be aware of.
Overall cancer death rates falling in U.S., NIH reports [UPI] Between 2011 and 2015, the report showed that incidences of cancer went down by 0.7 percent for men and increased 1.3 percent for women each year. From 2012 to 2016, the average annual cancer death rate for every 100,000 people was 22.8 for men and 27.1 for women.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Ambitious open-access Plan S delayed to let research community adapt [Nature] Funders now don’t have to start implementing the initiative until 2021, the agencies announced today, to give researchers and publishers more time to adapt to the changes the bold plan requires.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
Roche and GE Healthcare launch NAVIFY Tumor Board with medical imaging capabilities to enable more personalised treatment decisions in cancer care [Roche] Incorporating medical image viewing and storage capabilities with other patient data, the product enables tumour boards - multi-disciplinary teams who determine treatment plans for cancer patients - to have a more comprehensive view of each patient in one place.
Leading Health and Technology Organizations Release Common Cancer Data Standards to Enable Sharing Across EHR Systems and Improve Patient Care [ASCO] Three of the nation’s leading health and technology organizations have established a core set of data elements and recommended technical specifications (the Minimal Common Oncology Data Elements, or “mCODE”) that are essential for capturing and reporting the characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of every cancer patient and should be contained in each patient’s electronic health record (EHR).
Why are so many doctors burning out? Tons of real and electronic paperwork. [Washington Post] Too many physicians dedicate their days to ordering labs, documentation and other administrative tasks.