Onco Actu du 27 juin 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Yale scientists discover molecular key to how cancer spreads [Yale Cancer Center] With a method they devised that mimics the cell environment, the researchers explored the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process at the molecular level and discovered two separate feedback mechanisms ­— that is, two or more molecules inhibiting or activating each other.
Childhood leukemia cannot hide from the immune system [St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital] St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital scientists found that despite having few mutations, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia does not escape immune detection.
The gut microbiota and colon cancer [Science] A valuable resource needed for the advancement of CRC-microbiota studies is an atlas to map not only what microorganisms are present in the tumor microenvironment but also where they are within and on tumors, how they interact with one another and the host, and how their arrivals and departures over time shape the evolving tumor.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
USPTO Restarts CRISPR Patent Dispute Between Broad and UC [The Scientist] The US patent office declares an interference between the intellectual property held by the Broad Institute and several patent applications filed by the University of California—opposite its previous ruling.
Surprise patent ruling revives high-stakes dispute over the genome editor CRISPR [Science] U.S. patent officials reexamining claims about who deserves rights to enormously valuable aspect of the invention.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
Highlights from AACR Meeting Focusing on Environmental Carcinogenesis [Cancer Research Catalyst] Here we spotlight four studies presented at the meeting that highlight the breadth of research in the field, in addition to a relevant study recently published in Molecular Cancer Research.
Glyphosate use will eventually end, Merkel says [Reuters] “Things are developing, and we will eventually come to a point where glyphosate isn’t deployed any more,” she told lawmakers, adding that this should be achieved without overburdening farmers.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
From Simple Tools to High-Level Buy-In, How Doctors Can Help Cancer Patients Quit Tobacco [Penn Medicine] The study is based on researchers’ clinical experience with Penn’s Tobacco Use Treatment Service (TUTS), which combines technology tied to electronic health records with tried and true treatment methods to support patients in their efforts to kick their habit for good.
Tobacco 21 laws must be carefully implemented to be effective [BMJ] Tobacco 21 laws are tempting targets for tobacco control advocates and policymakers due to their seemingly simple structure. But they are not in themselves a substitute for investment in public health prevention and promotion.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Are e-cigarettes helpful or harmful? [Politico] Depends on who’s vaping.
	3.3 PRÉVENTION - VACCINS
HPV vaccine for boys could slash head and neck cancer [Glasgow Caledonian University] A two-year study involving experts from Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), Glasgow and Strathclyde universities, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Dr Katie Wakeham at Sussex Cancer Centre and the Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory in Edinburgh, studied 235 patients in Scotland with head and neck cancer and found HPV in 60 per cent of cases.
	3.3.1 PRÉVENTION - VACCINS (RECOMMANDATIONS))
CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Votes to Provisionally Recommend Shared Clinical Decision-Making for Vaccination of Adults Ages 27-45 with GARDASIL®9 & Harmonization of Catch-up Vaccination for Males and Females Through Age 26 [Merck] The provisional recommendations are reviewed by the director of the CDC and the Department of Health and Human Services and final recommendations will become official when published in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
New HPV vaccine recommendation for people through age 45 [Washington Post] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to recommend HPV vaccination for women and men ages 27 through 45.
	3.3.2 PRÉVENTION - VACCINS (OBSERVATION)
Vaccination programs substantially reduce HPV infections and precancerous cervical lesions [EurekAlert!] The research team headed by Université Laval's Faculty of Medicine Professor Marc Brisson performed a meta-analysis of 65 studies in 14 different countries that have set up HPV vaccine programs in the last ten years. With data on 60 million people, the researchers compared the frequency of HPV infections, anogenital warts, and precancerous cervical lesions before and after the programs were launched.
Cervical cancer could be eliminated within decades, scientists say [The Telegraph] The research, funded by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and led by Canadian researchers, examined progress in 14 countries, including the UK. It found that in Britain, the jabs have led to an 86 per cent fall in cases of human papillomavirus (HPV) among vaccinated girls in the 15 to 19 age group.
Hopes raised of cervical cancer eradication [BBC News] The success of the HPV vaccination offers hope of one day eradicating cervical cancer, say scientists who carried out a major review of evidence.
HPV vaccine 'offers chance' of wiping out cervical cancer in rich countries [The Guardian] The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, will bolster the determination of the World Health Organization, which is setting goals for reducing the number of cases of cervical cancer to no more than four per 100,000 population, below the threshold for a rare disease.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Oncocyte Shares Tank on News of Delayed CLIA Validation Study for Liquid Biopsy Lung Cancer Test [Genome Web] This isn't the first delay for DetermaVu. OncoCyte set out to commercialize the test after licensing IP from the Wistar Institute, and initially expected to have a commercial product on the market by the end of 2017.
OncoCyte Provides Mid-Year Update [Oncocyte] OncoCyte Corporation, a developer of novel, non-invasive tests for the early detection of cancer, announced that the Company will require additional time to complete its ongoing CLIA Validation study of DetermaVu™, its liquid biopsy test for lung cancer.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
De-escalating breast cancer therapy; can some patients be spared chemotherapy? [Baylor College of Medicine] In this study published in Annals of Oncology, the researchers looked for signals or biomarkers that would allow them to identify candidates for the de-escalation approach among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Shot could remove side effects from late-stage head and neck cancer therapy [Purdue University] The formulation, designed to be delivered to a tumor via a long syringe needle, is a capsule containing a chemotherapy drug and nanoparticles – tiny compounds that sensitize cancer cells to radiation, making them easier to kill.
Confining cell-killing treatments to tumors [MIT] Attaching a Velcro-like molecule may prevent immune proteins called cytokines from leaking out of cancerous tissue after injection.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Trial Highlights Complexities of Targeted Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer [NCI] “We don’t want to be content with another 3 or 4 months of progression-free survival. We want durable responses, durable disease control, measured in years or longer,” Dr. Rudloff said. “Immunotherapy is probably the most exciting way [towards this goal] at the moment.”
	5.12.11 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Genetic imbalance in immune system linked to biliary tract cancer [Karolinska Institutet] "We found that the genetic architecture of the KIR-HLA system is in imbalance in patients with biliary tract cancer. These results provide a theoretical framework for future targeted immunotherapy design focused on these receptors."
	5.2.2 PHARMA - FUSIONS & ACQUISITIONS
Analysts rip into AbbVie, Allergan's $63B deal, citing culture clash, strategy concerns and more [Fierce Pharma] AbbVie shares, meanwhile, fell 15% in the hours after the news as Allergan’s shares jumped more than 25%. Here, we've dug into some of the prevailing themes from early industry-watcher feedback.
5 reasons AbbVie bought Allergan, and why they may not be enough [Biopharma Dive] Five reasons stood out as key to the deal. Yet with Tuesday's stock price slide in mind, here's why those may not play out as rosily as expected.
Top analyst finds a silver lining in AbbVie’s $63B Allergan buyout — but there’s a catch [EndPoints] AbbVie’s market cap declined $20 billion on Tuesday as the stock took a 17% hit during the day.
AbbVie, Allergan, Ugh [In The Pipeline] Stock analyst Christopher Raymond nailed it in one sentence: “Two turkeys don’t make an eagle”. That’s about the size of it. Abbvie has been looking at the upcoming loss of protection for its Humira, their biggest single source of revenue, and Allergan is still riding along selling Botox and Restasis, despite a number of attempts to make money selling something else.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA officials see 'missed opportunity' with patient outcomes in clinical trials [Biopharma Dive] The reach of patient-reported outcomes, or PROs for short, has been limited, in good part because of the varied ways clinical trial investigators collect and assess them.
	6.11 PATIENTS
When a Cancer Surgeon Becomes a Cancer Patient [Medium] ‘I now know that I actually knew very little’.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
Proposal to close UK mouse-research centre is ‘major threat’ [Nature] In response, the Medical Research Council (MRC) — Britain’s public medical-research funder — says that the recommendation is not a reflection on the value or quality of MGU science, but a reflection of the changing scientific landscape.