Onco Actu du 7 mai 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
New review identifies four hallmarks of cancer metastasis [University of Alabama] Defining the hallmarks of metastasis has been complicated by both heterogeneity among tumor cells, and the myriad interactions with other molecules and cells throughout the process, according to the authors.
UTSW researchers find form drives function in cancer proliferation [UT Southwestern] “This study reaffirms the concept that cell shape is instrumental in driving signaling – that by simply spreading out, cell signals can be silenced and sequestered. Cancer exploits this ability to drive both drug resistance and metastasis”.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
A new approach to targeting tumors and tracking their spread [MIT] Researchers develop nanosized antibodies that home in on the meshwork of proteins surrounding cancer cells.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
'Almost every household has someone that has died from cancer' [The Guardian] A small town, a chemical plant and the residents' desperate fight for clear air.
	4.1 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - PROSTATE
RB1 Alterations in Advanced Prostate Cancer Associated With Poor Outcome [Genome Web] Those findings hint at the possibility of clinical trials with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, such as Pfizer's breast cancer drug Ibrance (palbociclib), in combination with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, the authors noted.
Gene mutation discovery linked to very poor survival in prostate cancer patients [Institute of Cancer Research] The researchers, along with colleagues in the US and Europe, looked in detail at the DNA sequence, the activity of genes and how the tumours looked under the microscope in 444 tumours samples from 429 men with advanced prostate cancer.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Cir­cu­lat­ing tu­mor DNA gives treat­ment op­tions for the most com­mon ovarian can­cer [University of Helsinki] In the present study, the researchers analyzed 78 ctDNA samples from 12 ovarian cancer patients before, during and after the treatment using bioinformatics analysis, and in-house Translational Oncology Knowledgebase to detect clinically actionable genomic alterations.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Boosting checkpoint inhibitor efficacy via the microbiome [EndPoints] With initial scientific reports as a backdrop, scientists, clinicians, and investors are racing to understand how the trillions of bacteria living within us be harnessed to fight cancer. There are still numerous questions leaving one wondering if the investment has outpaced the science.
	5.12.7 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - VACCINS
Vaccine design can dramatically improve cancer immunotherapies [Northwestern University] Effectiveness depends on molecular architecture and 3D presentation of components.
	5.2 PHARMA
FogPharma beefs up R&D team with new CSO, discovery head [Fierce Biotech] The hires come as the Boston-based company advances its lead program, a beta-catenin antagonist designed to treat previously undruggable cancers. The candidate is a miniprotein—that is, a small protein or large polypeptide—designed to penetrate cells and target the protein beta-catenin, which plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Roche's breast cancer hopes get a boost from postsurgery Kadcyla approval [Fierce Pharma] Since its slower-than-expected 2013 launch, Kadcyla built up to CHF 979 million ($960 million) in 2018 sales—and that's still a fraction of the CHF 6.89 billion ($6.76 billion) Herceptin raked in during the same time period.
FDA Approvals Provide New Advances Against Bladder, Lung, and Kidney Cancer [Cancer Research Catalyst] On March 18, 2019, the agency approved the immunotherapeutic atezolizumab (Tecentriq) for treating certain patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). On April 12, 2019, it approved a new molecularly targeted therapeutic—erdafitinib (Balversa)—for treating certain patients with bladder cancer. Then, on April 19, 2019, it approved the immunotherapeutic pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for treating certain patients with kidney cancer.
FDA approves ado-trastuzumab emtansine for early breast cancer [FDA] Approval was based on KATHERINE (NCT01772472), a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial of 1486 patients with HER2-positive EBC.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Fitness May Affect Risk of Lung, Colorectal Cancer and Likelihood of Survival after Diagnosis [Wiley] The study represents the largest of its kind, as well as the first of its kind to involve women and a large percentage of non-white individuals. Those in the highest fitness category had a 77 percent decreased risk of developing lung cancer and a 61 percent decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Does Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer Raise Dementia Risk? [US News] For the study, Tully and his colleagues collected data on more than 100,400 men enrolled in Medicare. The men were diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1992 and December 2009. Tully cautioned that this study cannot prove that such hormone therapy caused dementia, only that the two are associated.
Men Taking Medications for Enlarged Prostate Face Delays in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis [University of California San Diego] Data from the population-based cohort study of 80,875 men with a PSA-known diagnosis between 2001 and 2015 showed that 29 percent of 5-ARI users had a biopsy performed within two years of first elevated adjusted PSA compared to 59 percent of nonusers.
	6.10 POLITIQUES
Germany Announces Continued Increases to Research Funding [The Scientist] State and federal ministers say they will pump up science budgets by 3 percent per year for the next decade, as they have done since 2006.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
Electron Tomography Database Changes the Game for Scientific Data Distribution [Caltech] The Electron Tomography Database (ETDB), which is free and open to the public, uses blockchain to securely distribute and track ownership of data without relying on a central authority or moderation. The database is simultaneously a powerful new tool for basic research and proof of concept for a new model of scientific data sharing.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Technological Innovations in Disease Management: Text Mining US Patent Data From 1995 to 2017 [JMIR] Our analysis showed that protected technological innovations have been primarily focused on socioeconomically critical diseases such as “other cancers”, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.