Onco Actu du 24 mai 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Mapping bone-marrow microenvironment sheds fresh light on leukaemia [Karolinska Institutet] Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have mapped the stem-cell niche in the bone marrow of mice and studied how it is influenced by developing leukemia. Their results, which are published in the journal Cell, show that the bone-marrow microenvironment is more complex than expected and contribute knowledge to future therapies for the disease.
Genomic, Transcriptomic Analysis Uncovers Molecular Differences Among Liver Cancer Subtypes In their pan-Asia, multi-center study they analyzed 133 combined hepatocellular and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC) samples using a combination of whole-exome, whole-genome, RNA, and single-nucleus sequencing. Based on established criteria, they were able to categorize 121 of these cHCC-ICC cases as separate, combined, or mixed cHCC-ICC subtypes.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Studying the function of liver cancer genes in mini-organs [Hubrecht Institute] The researchers developed a new model in which organoids from the healthy human liver are genetically altered using molecular scissors called CRISPR/Cas9, to study the function of the genetic alteration in tumor formation. The model was exploited to shed light on the function of BAP1, a gene that is mutated in approximately 15-20% of liver cancer patients and of which the specific role in liver tumor development so far remained unknown.
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
FDA should pull the plug on thermography [Science-Based Medicine] The FDA says there’s no good evidence that thermography can reliably screen for breast cancer or any other disease. Instead of pursuing the unlawful promotion of thermography for breast cancer detection on a case-by-case basis, the FDA should pull the plug on thermographic devices.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Lack of Knowledge of Natural History of New Biomarkers: The Achilles’ Heel of Precision Health! [Genomics and Precision Health] Understanding natural history of any disease, and the transition from health to disease is a major factor to consider before adopting population screening. This is especially pertinent in the era of genomics and precision medicine.
Population DNA testing for disease risk is coming. Here are five things to know [The Conversation] The concept of population DNA screening is daunting. But the benefits could be huge. Australia has the chance to do it properly.
The current state of molecular testing in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, 2019 [CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians] In this review, the authors provide the current state of the art for molecular profiling/precision medicine, practice standards, and a view into the future ahead.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Adding Bevacizumab to Lung Cancer Treatment Results in Modest Overall Survival Benefits, According to Study in JNCCN from Abramson Cancer Center [National Comprehensive Cancer Network] These data cover a total of 4,724 lung cancer patients treated between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2017 across more than 260 community cancer clinics. 2,759 patients (58%) received carboplatin/pemetrexed while 1,965 (42%) received carboplatin/pemetrexed/bevacizumab.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: benefit remains unclear [IQWIG] In its final report now presented, the Institute concludes that it is not possible to make statements on the benefit of this high-risk treatment. Meaningful studies are lacking for the often very small patient groups.
	5.2 PHARMA
Iovance Biotherapeutics Announces Breakthrough Therapy Designation for LN-145 for Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Who Have Progressed on or After Chemotherapy [Iovance] The FDA decision on BTD for LN-145 in advanced cervical cancer was based on clinical data from the ongoing innovaTIL-04 (C-145-04) trial.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Ideaya and Bicycle Therapeutics IPOs Raise $110M for Cancer Drug R&D [Xconomy] Ideaya’s preclinical drug pipeline includes compounds that employ an approach called synthetic lethality. Bicycle, which is based in Cambridge, UK, and has US operations in Lexington, MA, is developing drugs based on chains of amino acids called peptides.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
T-DM1 Approval Expanded to Include Some Women with Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer [NCI] The researchers who led the trial estimated that, at 3 years after beginning adjuvant treatment, 88% of women treated with T-DM1 were alive and free of invasive cancer, compared with 77% of women treated with trastuzumab. It will take longer follow-up to determine whether T-DM1 will ultimately improve how long patients live overall, Dr. Geyer stressed.
	5.5.16 ASCO (MÉDECINE DE PRÉCISION)
Positive Findings from Two TAPUR™ Study Cohorts to Be Presented at 2019 ASCO® Annual Meeting [ASCO] Trial expanded to include patients with brain metastases and three new cancer therapies, including one from new collaborator Boehringer Ingelheim.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Black Race Not Associated With Higher Prostate Cancer Death Risk [Prostate Cancer Advisor] Black men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) do not appear to have worse survival than their white counterparts when access to care and standardized treatment are provided, according to new study findings published in JAMA Oncology.
	6.10.1 POLITIQUES (USA)
Drug Pricing Bills to Increase Transparency, Lower Out-of-Pocket Costs, Largely Supported by ASCO [ASCO in Action] In its comments, ASCO conveyed support for these bills moving forward through the legislative process.
Senate Bill to Cut Health Costs, Targets FDA Tweaks [RAPS] Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb praised the Senate draft: “These measures WILL lower prices. The most tangible set of bipartisan reforms to emerge.”
A new Senate health package includes surprisingly aggressive drug pricing reforms [STAT] The surprisingly weighty drug-pricing policies in the Alexander-Murray package offer one of the best barometers yet of Congress’s willingness to pursue aggressive pharmaceutical industry reforms. And they stand a real chance of becoming law.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
First Author Should Be Responsible for Paper Accuracy: Study [The Scientist] Katrin Hussinger and Maikel Pellens of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium analyzed 80 misconduct cases investigated by the US Office of Research Integrity and found that a paper’s first author is 38 percent more likely to be found responsible for misconduct than the paper’s middle authors.
Can Twitter, Facebook, and Other Social Media Drive Downloads, Citations? [The Scholarly Kitchen] Whereas social medical campaigns may have limited effect within the research and clinical community, they may provide other ancillary benefits to a journal, such as providing outreach to healthcare professionals, communicating directly with the general public, and increasing brand recognition.