Onco Actu du 9 avril 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Immune cells key to predicting cancer outcomes [University of Edinburgh] These studies are the culmination of eight years of experiments and show convincingly that tumour-infiltrating immune cells are vital to understanding cancer spread. The study was funded by Wellcome and the National Institutes of Health and is published in the journal Cancer Cell.
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Moffitt Cancer Center Researchers Develop Interactive Tool to Estimate Genetic Diversity and Ancestry of Cancer Cell Lines [Moffitt Cancer Center] “We expect this resource to allow researchers access to ancestry in cell line models and to contribute to efforts to address the underrepresentation in cancer types with clear disparities."
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Calcium supplements linked to cancer in major study [The Telegraph] Scientists writing in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine said cancer patients could be putting themselves in greater danger by taking calcium supplement doses higher than 1,000 milligrams per day. They found that after more than 12 years’ follow-up there were roughly 24 cancer-related deaths per 1,000 person-years compared to 12 in nonusers.
	2.5 ETIOLOGIE - GÈNES
Cancer Sequencing Finds Germline Risk Variants in Many CHOP Pediatric Cancer Cases [Genome Web] CHOP's Suzanne MacFarland reported that she and her colleagues uncovered germline cancer susceptibility candidate variants in about 14 percent of the more than 1,200 pediatric patients assessed by tumor sequencing at CHOP over less than two years.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
More than 100 Bayer-owned glyphosate safety study reports accessible as Monsanto integration continues [Bayer] All 107 Bayer-owned glyphosate safety study reports that were submitted to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) as part of the substance authorization process in the European Union (EU) are now accessible on Bayer’s dedicated transparency platform.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Spying on cell eating habits 'may help cancer diagnosis' [BBC News] Scientists have created new imaging technology to visualise what cells eat, which could help with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Most women need mammograms every other year starting at 50 [Reuters] The new guidelines, published today in the Annals of Internal Medicine, are in line with longstanding recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSFT) that recognize most women aren’t at high risk and don’t need mammograms before 50 or annual screening.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
The return of cancer’s magic bullet [Nature] Too many writers imbue cancers with baleful intent and strategy, and it is disappointing to see Kinch do the same. Cancers have no brain, no plan, no free will; they bear neither virtue nor malice. Cancer cells do not exhibit “carelessness” and are not “audacious”; there are no “choices by a cell not to perform its regular housekeeping chores” or to use T cells as “human shields”. Cancer cells are automatons that act because of corrupted software, not evil purpose.
	5.12.7 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - VACCINS
Immune-stimulating injection turns tumours into ‘cancer vaccine factories’ in mice [Cancer Research UK] There are several steps to the treatment, which combines the immune stimulant injections with radiotherapy to make cancer cells more visible to the immune system. In studies in mice the researchers also added a type of immunotherapy drug – called a checkpoint inhibitor – that further harnesses the immune system’s ability to kill tumour cells.
Mount Sinai Researchers Develop Treatment That Turns Tumors Into Cancer Vaccine Factories [Mount Sinai] The “in situ vaccination” worked so well in patients with advanced-stage lymphoma that it is also undergoing trials in breast and head and neck cancer patients, according to a study published in Nature Medicine in April.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
England's NICE rebuffs Pfizer and Astellas' Xtandi in nonmetastatic prostate cancer [Fierce Pharma] Despite PROSPER results that showed a combination of Xtandi and ADT could stave off cancer progression for a median 21.3 months longer than hormone therapy on its own, NICE determined the drug did not significantly extend patients’ lives and that it could be relatively ineffective when used early on in treatment.
Value-based agreements could disrupt how we pay for new therapies [STAT] The movement toward a value-based approach to reimbursement is being driven by biopharmaceutical companies and payers to cover the most expensive drugs in history. Under this model, contracts between drug manufacturers and payers require an entirely new support structure that is missing from today’s landscape.
	5.9.9 AACR - IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Fecal transplants could help patients on cancer immunotherapy drugs [Science] Early results from two groups described at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) here this week suggest some patients who initially did not benefit from immunotherapy drugs saw their tumors stop growing or even shrink after receiving a stool sample from patients for whom the drugs worked. However, researchers caution, the results are preliminary.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Increasing Numbers of Adults with Lower Education Are Dying from Liver Cancer [Wiley] A new study reveals that rising rates of liver cancer deaths in the United States have largely been confined to individuals who have received less education, especially among men. Published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the findings emphasize the need for enhanced efforts to address the growing burden of liver cancer in lower socioeconomic groups.
U.S. liver cancer deaths more common with less education [Reuters] “The rising liver cancer death rates among less educated persons largely reflect their higher rates of liver cancer risk factors, including hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol use, lower HCV-screening rates, and less access to high-quality care.”
	6.10.1 POLITIQUES (USA)
Republicans Are Warning Drug Companies Not To Cooperate With A Congressional Investigation [BuzzFeed] The House Oversight Committee is attempting to study how drug companies set prescription drug prices, but Republicans have warned the industry that it may be better for them not to cooperate.
	6.11 PATIENTS
What Cancer Takes Away [The New Yorker] When I got sick, I warned my friends: Don’t try to make me stop thinking about death.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
On the heels of victory in New Jersey, J&J scores another talc win in California [Fierce Pharma] After a recent talc trial loss in California and a win in New Jersey, J&J has prevailed in the latest case to reach a verdict. A jury in California sided with the drugmaker, rejecting a plaintiff’s claims that its talc contained asbestos and caused him to develop mesothelioma.