Onco Actu du 26 avril 2019

         Pour info : Onco Actu interrompt sa parution pendant une semaine.

 

	1. BIOLOGIE
Researchers reveal key to targeting dormant cancer cells [Garvan Institute] Researchers have identified what keeps some cancer cells dormant – a finding which could uncover new approaches to preventing the spread of cancer.
Colon Cancer Biology, Treatment Clues Found in Proteogenomic Analysis [Genome Web] In particular, the results highlighted enhanced glycolysis pathways activity in the MSI-H tumors with relatively little infiltration by CD8+ T cells, the researchers explained, hinting that it may be possible to thwart checkpoint blockade immunotherapy resistance in some MSI-H colon tumors by targeting glycolysis.
Colon cancer proteins, genes uncover potential treatments [Baylor College of Medicine] “This is the first study that analyzed all the proteins and genes in tissue samples from a group of patients with colon cancer, comparing tumor and normal adjacent tissues.”
	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Ovarian Cancer Organoids [ESMO] A biobank of ovarian cancer organoids provide resource for research and precision medicine.
	4.10 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - POUMON
Rates of Physician-Patient Discussions About Lung Cancer Screening Very Low and Declining [AACR] In 2017, the prevalence of patient-physician discussions about lung cancer screening was only 4.3 percent in the general population and 8.7 percent among current smokers, down from 6.7 percent and 12.0 percent respectively in 2012.
Screening for lung cancer is a controversial idea [The Economist] Mr Thomas started smoking at 14, and says people think he brought his illness on himself and that it is the cancer least deserving of sympathy. But he argues that perhaps it should not be, because it is the cancer that kills the most.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Six Factors May Predict Invasive Breast Cancer Recurrence after Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Diagnosis [AACR] Among 26 prognostic factors, Wesseling and colleagues identified six that were associated with a 36 to 84 percent increase in the relative risk of recurrence of invasive disease after DCIS diagnosis: African-American race, premenopausal status, detection by palpation, involved margins, high histological grade, and high p16 protein expression.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Chemotherapy or not? [Case Western Reserve University] Research in artificial intelligence by Case Western Reserve scientists gives hope to patients of lung and breast cancer; new discoveries help determine who will benefit from chemotherapy.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Fishing for cures: New zebrafish model identifies drugs that kill pediatric cancer cells [Mass. General Hospital] Model developed by Mass. General investigators allows single-cell visualization of drug response.
Researchers demonstrate arsenic-based therapy can reverse drug tolerance in acute myeloid leukemia [Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center] In the current study, Pandolfi and colleagues tested the combination in both the mouse model of AML with IDH mutation and in human AML cells. They determined that, while the drugs target different vulnerabilities in the different forms of leukemia, the combination proved “powerfully and exquisitely effective” against this subset of AML.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Immunotherapy Drug with Two Targets Shows Promise against HPV-Related Cancers [NCI] The drug, bintrafusp alfa (also called M7824), was designed to simultaneously bind to two target proteins—PD-L1 and TGF-beta—that help prevent the immune system from effectively attacking tumor cells.
	5.12.1 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PARTENARIATS
Daiichi picks immuno-oncology bispecific, triggering payout to Zymeworks [Fierce Biotech] Zymeworks granted Daiichi access to its Azymetric platform for generating bispecific antibodies in 2016 before expanding the agreement last year to bring the total potential value of the deal up to $484.7 million.
	5.12.10 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - FUSIONS ET ACQUISITIONS
Mateon and Oncotelic Complete Their Merger and Create a New Immuno-Oncology Company with a Late-Stage Clinical Asset Against Cancer and a Promising Product Pipeline [Mateon] Merger creates a publicly-traded clinical stage immuno-oncology company developing treatments for advanced cancers including aggressive brain tumors, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma.
	5.12.3 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES-COMBINAISONS
BMS' head and neck cancer hopes take a hit with Opdivo-Yervoy trial flop [Fierce Pharma] For now at least, Bristol isn’t sharing details on the phase 2 miss. But one thing is clear: The regimen won’t be backing up Opdivo in second-line head and neck cancer, where it’s currently battling Merck’s Keytruda.
Another one of Bristol-Myers’ PD-1/CTLA-4 combo studies bites the dust [EndPoints] At this point, the PD-1/CTLA-4 combo failures are piling up. Bristol-Myers made this a prime portion of their competitive R&D strategy, only to watch Merck leapfrog their megablockbuster PD-1 with a combo that paired Keytruda with chemo.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Bristol arms itself for kidney-cancer fight as Keytruda threatens Opdivo's share [Fierce Pharma] Opdivo and Yervoy’s share of the U.S. market grew to just over 40% during the first quarter and helped the med’s sales expand by 19% to reach an in-line $1.8 billion.
Merck Provides Update on Phase 3 KEYNOTE-062 Trial Evaluating KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) as Monotherapy and in Combination with Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma [Merck] “KEYTRUDA monotherapy did show noninferior overall survival in the total patient population, though the study did not meet all of its primary endpoints. We sincerely thank the patients and investigators for their involvement in KEYNOTE-062 and look forward to sharing detailed study results with the medical community.”
	5.15 ESTRO
Early, hormone-driven breast cancer is less likely to recur if treated with radiotherapy [ESTRO] New findings from the 8 A trial of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), presented at the ESTRO 38 conference, show that cancer did not return in the same breast in 97.5% of women who had whole breast irradiation (WBI), and in 92.4% of women who did not have WBI.
	5.2 PHARMA
Lilly to withdraw FDA-approved cancer drug after clinical failure [Biopharma Dive] Lartruvo (olaratumab) was the first new drug approved for soft tissue sarcoma in more than four decades, at the time offering patients with the tough-to-treat tumor type another option beside doxorubicin, a chemotherapy.
Lilly to Establish an Access Program for Patients as it Prepares to Withdraw Lartruvo from the Global Market [Lilly] Lilly is working to ensure that patients who are currently receiving Lartruvo may, in consultation with their physician, continue their course of therapy if they have been informed of the risks of Lartruvo and the results of the ANNOUNCE study and wish to continue, subject to local laws and regulations.
As it takes Lartruvo off the shelves, Lilly is setting up program to provide drug access to current patients [EndPoints] Lartruvo (olaratumab) was cleared for use by the FDA under the accelerated approval pathway — an increasingly popular mechanism used by the agency to hasten the pace of approvals — in 2016, and the confirmatory Phase III trial was intended to confirm the drug’s benefit. Since the trial was unsuccessful, Lilly was expected to rescind the drug from the market.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Pharma’s Secret to Lobbying for Higher Drug Prices? [Bloomberg] Nonprofits created by marketing firms push controversial messages in the name of helping patients.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
One in six people dying of lung cancer in UK are non-smokers, experts say [The Guardian] “If considered as a separate entity, lung cancer in never-smokers is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death in the UK and the seventh most prevalent cancer in the world,” the authors state.
	6.7.3 DMP
Electronic health records may compromise safety for chemotherapy patients [University of Michigan] Friese and colleagues measured safety culture and satisfaction with clinic technology and clinician communication among 297 oncology nurses, physicians and advanced practice providers across 29 oncology practices that participate in the Michigan Oncology Quality Consortium, a statewide collaborative.