Onco Actu du 25 avril 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
The EACR’s Top 10 Cancer Research Publications: April 2019 [EACR] The EACR’s Top 10 Cancer Research Publications is a quarterly summary of the most interesting and impactful recent papers in cancer research. It is curated by the Board of the European Association for Cancer Research (EACR).
	2.7 ETIOLOGIE - OBÉSITÉ
New Study Finds Obesity Associated with Increased Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Women [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] The study drew on data from the Nurses’ Health Study II, which, beginning in 1989, has tracked the health of tens of thousands of female nurses with biennial questionnaires about their diet, lifestyle, and weight. Of 85,256 women who were free of cancer and inflammatory bowel disease when they enrolled in the study, 114 were diagnosed with colorectal cancer over a 14-year period. Their average age was 45.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
Poverty, other disadvantages tied to higher smoking risk [Reuters] Researchers examined data from a decade of annual national surveys, focusing on 278,048 adults who were asked about smoking as well as six socioeconomic or health-related disadvantages: unemployment, poverty, low education, disability, serious psychological distress and heavy drinking.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Researchers devise a progression risk-based classification for patients with asymptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] Under this system, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, patients’ risk is assessed using four measures: Bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration; serum immunoglobulin M levels; β2 microglobulin levels, and albumin levels.
New biomarkers associated with 'chemobrain' found [National University of Singapore] The study showed that early-stage breast cancer patients with higher plasma DHEAS levels prior to chemotherapy were found to have a lower risk of developing chemobrain in the specific domains of verbal fluency and mental acuity.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Genomic medicine will change the relationship between the NHS and the people who use it, according to a major new public dialogue project [Genomics England] The dialogue reported that advances in genomic medicine may change public expectations around donating their data; and that clinicians and researchers will need to be equipped with ‘genomic literacy’ to support patients and donors and explain the ever-closer relationship between research and clinical care.
Points to consider in the reevaluation and reanalysis of genomic test results: a statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) [Genetics in Medicine] This document is intended to assist laboratories with the development of policies and protocols for variant-level reevaluation and case-level reanalysis appropriate for their setting and the specific circumstances presented by each clinical scenario.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Genetic Testing in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer Decreases Cost of Care Nationwide [Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center] “This study only answers the question about whether, in the first 12 months after diagnosis, costs of gene testing are likely to be offset by savings in avoided costs of chemotherapy — and the answer is yes. We did not estimate how the trial results could diffuse into medical practice, since those data will not be available for several years.”
Simple and Fast Method for Radiolabelling Antibodies against Breast Cancer [University of Zurich] Radioactive antibodies that target cancer cells are used for medical diagnostics with PET imaging or for targeted radioimmunotherapy. Researchers from the University of Zurich have created a new method for radiolabelling antibodies using UV light. In less than 15 minutes, the proteins are ready-to-use for cancer imaging or therapy.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
A Spotlight on Precision Cancer Medicine [ESMO] Results from the TARGET, I-PREDICT and WINTHER studies released.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Study Advances Fertility Preservation Approach for Male Cancer Survivors [NCI] In a proof-of-concept study performed in primates, frozen immature testicular tissue has been successfully used for the conception and birth of a baby monkey. Although human trials are needed before the technique can be approved for people, the study’s results point to potential options for preserving fertility among prepubescent boys being treated for cancer.
Targeting fat production could help tackle leukemia [OICR] They discovered a key pathway, as described in Cell Stem Cell, which can be altered to control how LSCs mature. Interestingly, they found that this process can be modulated with an essential phospholipid (a type of fat), called phosphatidylserine.
	5.10 TRAITEMENTS - ESSAIS
Study of tagraxofusp reports 90 percent response rate for deadly blood cancer with no prior available therapies [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Tagraxofusp is a novel targeted therapy that targets CD-123, a cell surface receptor, expressed in BPDCN and other hematologic malignancies. The drug is also being investigated in other clinical trials, including for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and myelofibrosis.
Targeted therapy proves effective against aggressive rare blood cancer [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] A multi-institutional clinical trial has given good results for a targeted therapy to treat a rare, aggressive blood cancer known as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic-cell neoplasm (BPDCN). Details on the trial, which supported Food and Drug Administration approval of the tagraxofusp therapy in December 2018, have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Kite's CAR-T manufacturing gets another boost with new Maryland facility [Fierce Pharma] The site will employ 400 and 800 workers and expand Kite’s ability to manufacture its next-gen oncology treatments, including Yescarta and its prospective T-cell receptor therapies.
Autolus Therapeutics Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation for AUTO3 for Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [Autolus] AUTO3 is a programmed T cell therapy containing two independent chimeric antigen receptors targeting CD19 and CD22 that have each been independently optimized for single target activity. By simultaneously targeting two B cell antigens, AUTO3 is designed to minimize relapse due to single antigen loss in patients with B cell malignancies.
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Medicare proposes raising CAR-T pay, but reimbursement solution years away [Biopharma Dive] Verma told reporters that the process could take up to three years, which she acknowledged is slow as biopharma innovation accelerates. "Our technology is moving faster than government policies," she said.
	5.2 PHARMA
Clinical biomarkers expected to lift R&D productivity: Iqvia [Biopharma Dive] The availability of genetic testing has led to a greater understanding of the biomarkers linked to disease, and the use of these biomarkers to recruit certain types of participants and organize individuals into sub-populations is expected to increase.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
Pharma and healthcare's digital ad spend to reach $10B next year: report [Fierce Pharma] Digital advertising is booming in pharma and healthcare, and it's expected to rise to $10 billion in 2020. That’s according to a new report from PulsePoint, and it represents a 13% increase over current spending.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
Lowering Cost and Increasing Access to Drugs Without Jeopardizing Innovation [JAMA] The most effective ways to address pricing involve 4 categories: importation from other countries; reduction of bloated administrative and marketing activities; direct negotiations between federal payers and industry; and creation of a value-based system.
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
One in six cancer patients is being denied drugs recommended by doctors [The Telegraph] The Institute of Cancer Research said radical action was needed to cut drug costs and speed up access to life-extending medications.
Manifesto calls for action on cancer drug access as survey shows patient delays [Institute of Cancer Research] The Institute of Cancer Research, London, a charity and world leader in cancer drug discovery, surveyed 1,064 people who had been treated with cancer to help shape recommendations for improving access to the latest treatments.
One in 10 cancer patients denied drugs recommended by their doctor, study says [Independent] The publication of the manifesto follows an ICR report last year, which suggested NHS patients are waiting longer for new cancer drugs because of delays getting them through clinical trials and licensing.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Elderly nursing home residents have fewer cancers – but also fewer referrals and treatments [EORTC] « We believe that it is important that healthcare workers in nursing homes are aware of the treatment options available, and that they ask the advice of an oncologist when a tumour is suspected because there are sometimes easy treatments that can improve quality of life dramatically, even in very frail persons.»
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Elsevier and Norway Agree on New Open-Access Deal [The Scientist] Under a two-year pilot agreement, articles published by Norwegian academics will be free to read in almost all of the publisher’s journals.
Rein in the four horsemen of irreproducibility [Nature] Dorothy Bishop describes how threats to reproducibility, recognized but unaddressed for decades, might finally be brought under control.
Plan S: Why Collaboration Will Prove Key to Successful Compliance [Silverchair] Unlike other platforms, Dimensions isn’t confined to historic grant data – it covers active research projects as well as those in the pipeline (projects where funding has been awarded but research has yet to begin). This provides long-term visibility of grant activity.
	6.7 DMP, BIG DATA & APPLIS
De-Identifying Genomic Data With Hashing Technology [Bio-IT World] The genomic de-identification technology is at the core of IQVIA’s recently announced E360 Genomics genotypic-phenotypic database solution, and remains under development, Park says. But it has already had “significant engagement” from healthcare providers, biopharmaceutical companies, government agencies, and patient advocacy groups.
	6.8 COMMUNICATION
JAMA on Medical Misinformation [Science-Based Medicine] A JAMA article addresses the issue of confronting medical misinformation. They make good recommendations – but do not go nearly far enough.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
Popular Heart Drugs Tainted With Carcinogens Face a Wave of Lawsuits [Bloomberg] Lawyers see the prospect for thousands of suits after contaminants turned up in the widely prescribed drugs.