Onco Actu du 16 avril 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Rare but Important Gene Target Found in Many Tumor Types, Suggesting New Therapy Possible [Georgetown University] This study defined the incidence of NRG1 fusions in almost 22,000 tumor specimens — the largest such study to date. The greatest incidence of NRG1 fusion was in non-small cell lung cancer, but the gene fusion, best found through RNA sequencing, was also found in kidney, gallbladder, bladder, ovarian, pancreatic, breast and colorectal cancers, as well as in sarcoma and neuroendocrine cancers.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
‘Fingerprint database’ could help scientists to identify new cancer culprits [University of Cambridge] Scientists in Cambridge and London have developed a catalogue of DNA mutation ‘fingerprints’ that could help doctors pinpoint the environmental culprit responsible for a patient’s tumour – including showing some of the fingerprints left in lung tumours by specific chemicals found in tobacco smoke.
Causes of cancer may leave 'fingerprints' in DNA, scientists say [The Guardian] Writing in the journal Cell, researchers from the UK report how they exposed human stem cells, produced from skin cells, to 79 different chemicals or processes that are believed to cause cancer including solar radiation, various chemotherapy drugs and a host of substances found in tobacco smoke.
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Maternal Cancer Detection From Noninvasive Prenatal Screening Results Improved by Algorithm [Genome Web] The team's findings, published online last week in Genetics in Medicine, suggest that the CDP algorithm could largely distinguish between authentic maternal malignancies and false-positive cases identified by multiple chromosomal aneuploidies alone.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Decoding Cancer's Signature [Harvard] If incorporated into standard gene panel tests, the researchers said, the algorithm could expand greatly the pool of patients who stand to benefit from PARP-inhibitor therapy but currently are not getting it.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Turning Silenced Cancer Genes Back Into Fighters [Johns Hopkins] Targeting protein known as UHRF1 may shrink tumors by restoring aberrant gene regulation in cancer cells.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
Immunotherapy and the Basis of Neoantigen Biology: Part I Neoantigens [EnlightenBio] In this edition of a two-part serial blog we will attempt to first characterize neoantigens and then highlight some interesting facets of the interaction between neoantigens and immune biology.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Janssen Announces Investigational CAR-T Therapy JNJ-68284528 Granted PRIME Designation by the European Medicines Agency [Janssen] PRIME (PRIority MEdicines) designation based on clinical study results evaluating safety and efficacy of novel CAR-T therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
	5.2 PHARMA
Clovis throws in the towel on solo Rubraca study in bladder cancer [Fierce Pharma] Rubraca’s bladder cancer setback follows on the heels of some promising, if early, data for Rubraca in pancreatic cancer.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Targeted breast cancer drug – olaparib – given green light by EU [Institute of Cancer Research] “It’s fantastic news that olaparib has finally been given the green light by the EMA for people with BRCA-mutant breast cancer. But it’s also been enormously frustrating for patients across Europe to have had to wait so long to get the drug."
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Some Patients with Imminently Fatal Cancer Still Receive Treatment [ACS] American Cancer Society study highlights need to better identify who may not benefit from aggressive treatment.
	6.10.1 POLITIQUES (USA)
Democrats feud over drug pricing policy, as progressives push pragmatists to be bolder [STAT] The skirmishes have highlighted the tension between Democrats’ ambitious left flank and what that group views as the party’s unjustifiably pragmatist leadership, and have kept Democrats from forming a cohesive strategy to lower drug prices 100 days into the new Congress.
	6.12 ETHIQUE
He Jiankui, embryo editing, CCR5, the London patient, and jumping to conclusions [STAT] Not only was He ethically wrong in doing this work, but its scientific basis was even weaker than generally recognized.
	6.8 COMMUNICATION
It’s just in mice! This scientist is calling out hype in science reporting [STAT] Every tweet — all 11 of them so far — follows the same pattern: A news story or press release with a sensational headline is tweeted out, with two simple words tacked on top: “IN MICE.”