Onco Actu du 11 mars 2019

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Tiny DNA Reader to Advance Development of Anticancer Drugs [Osaka University] “Using this single-molecule quantum sequencing method, we successfully identified individual molecules in the DNA based on differences in electrical conductance,” explains lead author Takahito Ohshiro. “For the first time, we were able to directly detect anticancer drug molecules incorporated in the DNA.”
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
UK Clinical Trial Compares E-cigarettes, Nicotine-Replacement Products for Smoking Cessation [NCI] “Researchers who study e-cigarettes must also contend with the broad range of products on the market,” she continued. “There are hundreds of e-cigarette devices on the market as well as a myriad of liquids with different nicotine concentrations and flavors—and the marketplace is continually changing.”
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
New Memorial Sloan Kettering Tool Simplifies Curation of Germline Variants Using ACMG Guidelines [Genome Web] Although PathoMAN's framework is inspired by the ACMG guidelines, the tool also considers additional information such as gene class, somatic hotspots for cancer, and population-specific non-cancer controls from the Broad's Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD) when making determinations of variant pathogenicity.
	4.3 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - INDUSTRIELS
Roche’s VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay approved as first companion diagnostic to identify triple-negative breast cancer patients eligible for treatment with Tecentriq in combination with Abraxane [Roche] PD-L1 (SP142) was the enrollment assay used in the IMpassion130 trial, the first positive phase III immunotherapy regimen study in triple-negative breast cancer.
	4.7 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COL DE L'UTÉRUS
Clare Bostock: Bring your daughter to cervical screening [BMJ] Allowing our daughters to see our smear tests firsthand as a routine, non-painful, dignified event would be a step towards banishing some of the shame and embarrassment that causes young women to shy away from screening.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
New version of canSAR database is more user-friendly, with more data than ever before [Institute of Cancer Research] Freely available for anyone to use, the latest version of canSAR contains records of more than 1.9 million drugs and chemical compounds, 2.8 million gene mutation records from cancer patients, and more than 228,000 clinical trial records.
Researchers at Purdue Center for Cancer Research develop innovative, more cost-effective method to make drugs [Purdue University] David H. Thompson, a professor in Purdue’s Department of Chemistry and a member of the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, has written a research paper published in Organic Process Research and Development about how to make a generic form of lomustine, prescribed to people with Hodgkin lymphoma and certain brain cancers.
Two for the Price of One: Mechanistic Insights Lead to Drug Repositioning [University of Tsukuba] A new study reported in the journal Clinical Cancer Research has raised hopes in this field by revealing how a cancer-promoting protein called stratifin causes lung adenocarcinoma to emerge. This finding by researchers at University of Tsukuba also enabled the identification of two drugs, currently used for treating other health conditions, which are promising for treating this type of lung cancer.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
How the Microbiome Could Be the Key to New Cancer Treatments [Smithsonian] The effectiveness of drugs that help the immune system fight cancer cells appears to depend on bacteria in the gut.
	5.12.3 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES-COMBINAISONS
Precision drugs could unmask cancers to the immune system and boost the effects of immunotherapy [Institute of Cancer Research] The study changes our understanding of how PARP inhibitors work – and suggests they could be used alongside immunotherapies to boost their effectiveness. Clinical trials have already started to assess this combination.
	5.12.6 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - AMM
Roche wins first immunotherapy approval for triple-negative breast cancer [Biopharma Dive] The FDA's OK, which is contingent on further study, is only for patients whose tumors express a biomarker called PD-L1, however.
FDA grants Roche’s Tecentriq in combination with Abraxane accelerated approval for people with PD-L1-positive, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [Roche] This Tecentriq combination is the first cancer immunotherapy regimen approved for breast cancer.
Roche scores first U.S. approval of immunotherapy for breast cancer [STAT] For all the attention immunotherapies have received, especially for apparently curing what had previously been always-fatal melanoma, they help only a minority of patients. That was clear from the “IMpassion 130” clinical trial of Tecentriq for breast cancer, published last year.
Roche's Tecentriq notches win in breast cancer with U.S. approval [Reuters] Tecentriq’s 2018 sales were 772 million Swiss francs ($766 million), compared with $7.2 billion for Keytruda and $6.7 billion for Opdivo.
FDA approves atezolizumab for PD-L1 positive unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer [FDA] Approval was based on IMpassion130 (NCT02425891), a multicenter, international, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial that included 902 patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC who had not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease.
	5.2 PHARMA
TG clears board data review on way to key PFS readout [Fierce Biotech] That lessens one of the concerns about U2. Umbralisib is a PI3K delta inhibitor, a class of drug that has been held back by toxicity. Autoimmune and infectious toxicities dogged the first FDA-approved PI3K inhibitor, Gilead’s Zydelig, and have restricted its use.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
NICE Issues Technology Appraisal Guidance on Encorafenib with Binimetinib [ESMO] They are recommended as an option for treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Colorectal cancer in patients with early onset is distinct from that in older patients [EurekAlert!] Among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer, very young patients (aged 18-29 years) were unique from older patients (aged 30-49 years) in terms of the clinical and genetic features of their cancer.
Learning-by-doing in cancer surgery [Healthcare Economist] Further, the learning-by-doing appears to accrue at the physician rather than organizational level. Following an approach outlined by Levitt et al. (2013), the authors find that clinics with lower turnover have a stronger volume-survival relationship compared to clinics with high physician turnover. In short, for cancer surgeons, practice does make perfect.
Number and timing of pregnancies influence breast cancer risk for women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation [ecancer News] Women with BRCA1 mutations who had two, three or four or more full-term pregnancies were at 21 percent, 30 percent, and 50 percent decrease risk of breast cancer compared to women with a single full-term pregnancy.
Childhood cancer survivors at high risk for skin malignancies [Reuters] Compared to other adults, survivors had a more than two-fold higher risk of getting melanoma - the most aggressive and deadly type of skin cancer - and a more than seven-fold risk of squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common form of skin cancer after basal cell malignancies.
	6.11 PATIENTS
Like Alex Trebek, I was given a dire pancreatic cancer prognosis. I survived. [Washington Post] News of the “Jeopardy!” host’s ailment has brought back all the feelings from my own terrifying diagnosis.
	6.2 IMPLANTS MAMMAIRES
Women with Allergan breast implants may sue over cancer link [The Guardian] The women claim they were not sufficiently informed about the risks of textured Allergan implants, which were pulled from the European market in December. Six of the women developed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a rare blood cancer that has been linked to textured implants.