Onco Actu du 25 février 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Cell death triggers keep cancer at bay in healthy cells [Institute of Cancer Research] Our study sheds light on the biological processes that help determine whether a cell is healthy or could become cancerous. Our research suggests that Casp8 and RIPK1 help keep our chromosomes stable – staving off cancer.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Older biologic age linked to elevated breast cancer risk [NIH] Kresovich suggests that using DNA methylation to measure biologic age may help scientists better understand who is at risk for developing cancer and other age-related diseases.
	2.6 ETIOLOGIE - ENVIRONNEMENT
Bayer faces second trial over alleged Roundup cancer risk [Reuters] A lawsuit by California resident Edwin Hardeman against the company was scheduled to begin on Monday in federal rather than state court. The trial is also a test case for a larger litigation. More than 760 of the 9,300 Roundup cases nationwide are consolidated in the federal court in San Francisco that is hearing Hardeman’s case.
	3.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC
Achieve Announces Final Data from Cytisinicline Phase I/II Multi-Dose, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Clinical Study to be Presented at Society for Research on Nicotine & Tobacco Annual Meeting [Achieve] The study evaluated the repeat-dose PK and PD effects of 1.5 mg and 3.0 mg cytisinicline in 26 healthy volunteer smokers when administered over the standard 25-day course of treatment.
Achieve climbs on data from smoking cessation clinical trial [Fierce Biotech] Achieve Life Sciences has shared final data from a phase 1/2 trial of its smoking cessation candidate cytisinicline. The data show the smoking reductions disclosed one year ago occurred within two days of treatment, sending the nanocap’s stock up as much as 90% in premarket trading.
	3.5 PRÉVENTION - UV
Sunscreen Regulations Haven’t Aged Well [Wired] So now, the FDA announced proposals to update the process for regulating sun protection products.
	4.12 BIOPSIES LIQUIDES
Could we soon be able to detect cancer in 10 minutes? [The Guardian] Pioneering methods are being developed to find traces of tumours quickly in small blood samples.
	4.5 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COLORECTAL
Exact Sciences Eyes Cologuard Market Expansion After “Landmark Year” [Xconomy] Exact Sciences screened 934,000 patients for colorectal cancer in 2018 using its stool-based diagnostic test, Cologuard, resulting in a 71 percent surge in annual revenue to $454.5 million.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Breast cancer study confirms importance of multi-generational family data to assess risk [ecancerNews] The study is the largest independent analysis to validate four widely used models of breast cancer risk and has the longest prospective follow-up data available to date. The findings have been published in Lancet Oncology.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Prostate cancer patients believe robotic surgery is superior – despite limited evidence [UNSW Sydney] Robotic surgery for prostate cancer – an increasingly popular treatment option – is not proven as more effective, yet many patients believe that it is, a new UNSW and Ingham Institute study shows.
Retrospective Analysis of Two EORTC Studies Showed That Gastric Acid Suppressants May Negatively Impact Survival Outcomes in Sarcoma Patients Treated With Pazopanib [EORTC] Results from EORTC phase II 62043 and phase III 62072 published in Clinical Cancer Research, showed that in patients with soft tissue sarcoma, the concomitant use of gastric acid suppressant (GAS) therapy and the anticancer therapeutic pazopanib was associated with significantly reduced progression-free survival and overall survival.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Salk scientists uncover how high-fat diet drives colorectal cancer growth [Salk Institute] “We saw a very dramatic increase in cancer growth correlated to bile acid,” says Michael Downes, a senior staff scientist at Salk and co-corresponding author of the study. “Our experiments showed that maintaining a balance of bile acids is key to reducing cancer growth.”
	5.2 PHARMA
Karyopharm shares tank after FDA insiders slam their case on the efficacy of a cancer drug with “significant toxicity” [EndPoints] The single arm study that is being used to seek accelerated approval demonstrated a 60% rate of serious adverse events. Almost 9 out of 10 patients required a dose modification due to serous drug reactions. And a quarter of the patients bowed out of the study.
	5.2.2 PHARMA - FUSIONS & ACQUISITIONS
Roche enters into definitive merger agreement to acquire Spark Therapeutics [Roche] Spark Therapeutics is a leader in discovering, developing and delivering gene therapies with one commercial asset and four programmes currently in clinical trials.
Who’s in line for the next big mega-merger? Morningstar handicaps the odds among the top players [EndPoints] AbbVie, Amgen, and Gilead are present on both our acquirer and target lists, as they have significant growth issues but also compelling pipelines and, in the case of AbbVie and Gilead, are undervalued.
	5.2.3 PHARMA - ÉCONOMIE
So you just got a BTD for your top drug? Don’t be surprised to see the enthusiasm fizzle fast among investors [EndPoints] A group of researchers took a list of 218 Breakthrough Therapy Designations, sliced away the ex-US and private companies, and then tracked the stock reaction to the announcement. Dividing the list into commercial and pre-commercial outfits, they found that the more mature companies essentially saw no response in the ticker price. The less mature pre-commercial biotechs got a clear pop on their stock price, but that just lasted a few days and then quickly fizzled.
	5.3 TRAITEMENTS - FDA, EMA, NICE...
EMA opens consultation on guideline for advanced therapies in clinical trials [EndPoints] The 53-page guideline addresses development, manufacturing and quality control, featuring sections on quality documentation (including parts on the active substance and the investigational medicinal product), non-clinical documentation and clinical documentation.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
The U.S. shouldn’t use the ‘QALY’ in drug cost-effectiveness reviews [STAT] The quality-adjusted life year methodology is particularly ill-suited to assess the value of rare disease drugs.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
Open-access pioneer Randy Schekman on Plan S and disrupting scientific publishing [Nature] There are legitimate expenses of publishing that need to be made clear. PNAS is published by a science society that does not make a profit, and it recently said that it estimates the cost of publishing a paper to be US$6,000, so any cap on article-processing charges that could come from Plan S might have to allow for this. But $6,000 seems very high to me.
	6.7.1 IA/BIOINFORMATIQUE
Looking to Technology to Avoid Doctors’ Offices and Emergency Rooms [NY Times] Scientists say it’s been an uphill battle just convincing medical journals to publish studies on A.I. or agencies to fund them, said Dr. Barzilay. The reason? Many don’t have computer scientists sitting on their boards who understand the technology.
	6.9 CONTROVERSES
Peter Gøtzsche and the antivaxers [Respectful Insolence] Why did an icon of evidence-based medicine agree to speak at an antivax quackfest and then decide to withdraw?