Onco Actu du 15 février 2019

	1.4 BIOLOGIE - TECHNOS
Stitching together a ‘Google Earth’ for cancer [Cancer Research UK] “We are the only lab in the world that brings all of the different imaging techniques together,” says Bunch. Now the team intend to repeat these 3 techniques, along with four others, thousands of times, on many different types of cancer.
	2. ETIOLOGIE
Roswell Park Researchers Identify Protein That Contributes to Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer [Roswell Park] The new work, led by Dhyan Chandra, PhD, and published in Cancer Research, provides the first concrete evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and an inability to generate apoptosome formation are key factors behind higher prostate cancer incidence and poorer outcomes in African-Americans.
	4.2 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - GÉNOME
Consensus Guideline on Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast Cancer [American Society of Breast Surgeons] This is not an exhaustive systematic review, but a comprehensive review of the most impactful evidence in the modern literature on this subject.
All breast cancer patients should get genetic testing, surgeons say [CNN] Barriers to genetic testing need to fall as knowledge of inherited cancer risks grows, surgeons say.
Breast surgeons say all breast cancer patients should be offered genetic testing [Washington Post] Current guidelines are too restrictive and may be missing people with mutations that could affect prevention and treatment, the surgeons group says.
	5. TRAITEMENTS
Use of Gastric Acid Suppressants May Negatively Impact Survival Outcomes in Sarcoma Patients Treated with Pazopanib [AACR] “Our results indicate that gastric acid suppressants reduce the efficacy of pazopanib in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma,” said Olivier Mir, MD, PhD, MPH, medical oncologist and clinical pharmacologist at the Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University of Paris-Sud. “Oncologists and pharmacists should pay close attention to patients’ concurrent medications, as they may have a significant impact on cancer treatment outcomes.”
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Antibody could increase cure rate for blood, immune disorders [Stanford Medicine] An antibody-based treatment can gently and effectively eliminate diseased blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow to prepare for the transplantation of healthy stem cells, according to a study in mice by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
TCR²’s IPO Raises $75M to Bring Cancer Cell Therapy to Solid Tumors [Xconomy] TCR²’s lead therapeutic candidate, TC-210, targets solid tumors that make a protein called mesothelin. In January, the FDA cleared the company to start testing the drug in Phase 1 studies.
A CAR T-Cell Therapy for Multiple Childhood Cancers? [NCI] The CAR T cells, designed to bind to a protein called B7-H3 on the surface of cancer cells, eradicated tumors in mouse models of several different childhood cancers, including two forms of sarcoma and medulloblastoma.
	5.12.5 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - PHARMA
Merck aims for prostate cancer dominance with 3 new phase 3 Keytruda studies [Fierce Pharma] Merck will run phase 3 studies testing its standout drug in tandem with Lynparza, the PARP inhibitor it shares with AstraZeneca; in a cocktail containing the chemotherapy docetaxel and steroid prednisone; and alongside Xtandi, a hot prostate cancer drug from Pfizer and Astellas.
Merck plans trio of Phase 3 Keytruda studies in prostate cancer [Biopharma Dive] The big pharma's decision stemmed from Phase 1b/2 data out of an umbrella study of Keytruda in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Merck Increases Focus on Advanced Prostate Cancer, Expanding Immuno-Oncology Program with Three New Phase 3 Trials [Merck] “These promising data presented at ASCO GU coupled with the significant unmet medical need in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, propelled us to initiate three new Phase 3 trials to further evaluate these KEYTRUDA combination regimens.”
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Vor Biopharma Completes $42 Million Series A Financing Round to Advance Lead Cell Therapy Product Candidate for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia [Vor] "I am gratified that this discovery from my lab continues to advance towards the clinic. This new platform may enable more patients to benefit from the life-saving potential of targeted immunotherapies,” said Siddhartha Mukherjee, M.D., D.Phil, Vor Co-founder and Associate Professor of Medicine at Columbia University.
	5.2 PHARMA
Eagle and Mystic lead AstraZeneca’s cancer clear out [Fierce Pharma] AstraZeneca’s cull of the early-phase programs eliminated several other explorations of the efficacy of Imfinzi and tremelimumab in combination with other drugs. With AstraZeneca dropping anti-OX40 antibody MEDI0562, it has also kicked trials assessing its effect on solid tumors when combined with Imfinzi and tremelimumab to the curb.
AstraZeneca retires Medimmune name amid sales turnaround [Biopharma Dive] Several MedImmune-developed drugs will be key to AstraZeneca's return to growth, including the PD-L1 inhibitor Imfinzi (durvalumab) and the asthma therapy Fasenra (benralizumab).
“MedImmune” brand to be retired as biologics integrate into AstraZeneca’s new R&D structure [MedImmune] While the MedImmune name and logo will no longer be used, a proud legacy of scientific innovation remains, as does the entrepreneurial culture that MedImmune has stood for over its 30-year history. Today nearly half of the AstraZeneca pipeline is comprised of biologics, providing momentum for the company’s newly structured R&D units to continue to discover and develop life-changing treatments as a fully integrated organization.
AstraZeneca drops an OX40 cancer drug candidate in Q4 pipeline cleanup [EndPoints] MEDI0562 was dropped, ending a Phase I combo study with Imfinzi for the OX40 candidate for solid tumors and a separate study combining their drug with the CTLA-4 drug tremelimumab. You can expect lots more questions on this, as OX40 is a pathway that’s being pursued by a group of rivals.
	5.4 TRAITEMENTS - ECONOMIE
NICE draft guidance recommends pertuzumab for new breast cancer indication after improved price offer from company [NICE] This positive recommendation is for people who have had surgery for their breast cancer and whose cancer has already spread to their lymph nodes. The estimated 2700 people in this subgroup have a higher risk of their cancer returning.
	5.5.3 ASCO (PROSTATE)
Bayer’s darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly extends metastasis-free survival with a favorable safety profile compared to placebo plus ADT in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [Bayer] "These data are exciting for the prostate cancer community; they not only show darolutamide’s significant efficacy in preventing the spread of prostate cancer, but also its favorable tolerability profile that, once approved, may allow patients to continue their day-to-day life without adding any burden,” said Karim Fizazi.
Opdivo (nivolumab) Plus Yervoy (ipilimumab) Shows Response in Pre-Treated Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [BMS] First I-O/I-O combination regimen to demonstrate response rates in this hard-to-treat patient population.
Janssen Announces Preliminary Results from Phase 2 GALAHAD Study in Adults with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and DNA-Repair Pathway Defects (DRD) [Janssen] Data showed niraparib demonstrated an objective response rate of approximately 40 percent in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA-repair pathway defects, specifically BRCA1/2.
Immunotherapy combination generates responses against castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Principal investigator Padmanee Sharma said the results of combining the CTLA-4 blocking drug ipilimumab with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab provide an encouraging step for a cancer that’s been highly resistant to immune checkpoint therapies.
Bayer stresses drug's tolerability in bid for prostate cancer market [Reuters] The details showed darolutamide held off metastases for nearly two years when compared to a placebo but analysts doubted this would give darolutamide an edge over approved drugs Xtandi by Astellas and Pfizer as well as J&J’s Erleada.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Black-White Cancer Mortality Gap Nearly Eliminated in Some Age Groups [ACS] “This progress is driven in large part by drops in the lung cancer death rate driven by more rapid decreases in smoking over the past 40 years in blacks than in whites."
Racial Disparities In Cancer Incidence And Survival Rates Are Narrowing [NPR] During the period from 2006 to 2015, overall death rates from cancer declined 2.6 percent per year among black men, compared to 1.6 percent per year among white men. Among women, for that same time period, death rates from cancer declined 1.5 percent per year among blacks compared to 1.3 percent per year among whites.
Black-white cancer disparities narrow sharply amid progress against common malignancies [Washington Post] Black Americans historically have died of cancer at a higher rate than whites. That's still true, but the gap is narrowing, according to a new study from the American Cancer Society.
	6.2 IMPLANTS MAMMAIRES
FDA issues warning letter to doctor for illegally marketing unapproved device with claims to prevent and treat tightening of scar tissue around breast implants [FDA] Capsular contracture is a known complication of breast implants. This condition occurs when the scar tissue around a breast implant becomes tight, sometimes causing deformity and pain. The agency has never approved any implantable device for use in preventing or treating capsular contracture.
	6.7.2 APPLIS
Helping Patients Navigate Cancer With The Power And Simplicity of Waze [Forbes] Patients need a road map. Or better yet, a simple and user friendly way to support clinical care. It's here now and called Belong. The Belong app provides people with cancer and their families a unique and innovative personalized solution to help manage and fight cancer more effectively.