Onco Actu du 13 février 2019

	1. BIOLOGIE
Cancer comparision across species highlights new drug targets [Sanger Institute] Scientists discover key genes for mucosal melanoma in humans, dogs and horses that help prioritise targets for new cancer therapies.
HTAN: Mapping Tumors across Space and Time Using Cutting-Edge Technologies [NCI] Tumors, like cities, change over time, and an out-of-date map is not a very reliable resource. As such, the HTAN maps will depict how the molecular, cellular, and spatial features of a tumor change as it progresses over time.
	3.1.1 PRÉVENTION - TABAC - E-CIGS
Vaping vexes regulators: Smoking cessation tool or gateway drug? [UPI] The question for officials at the Food and Drug Administration is, can e-cigarettes be used to help adults kick their addiction, while at the same time keeping them out of the hands of adolescents and teens?
	4. DÉPISTAGE, DIAGNOSTIC ET PRONOSTIC
Kidney Cancer and Incidentalomas [Science-Based Medicine] Kidney cancer diagnoses are increasing but there has been no increase in mortality or rate of metastases. Kidney cancer is most often diagnosed as an incidental finding on a CT scan that was done for unrelated reasons. Treatment may not always be needed.
	4.1 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - PROSTATE
Study finds upsurge in ‘active surveillance’ for low-risk prostate cancer [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] The use of active surveillance increased from 14.5 percent to 42.1 percent of men with low-risk prostate cancer between 2010 and 2015, said the researchers, led by Brandon Mahal, MD, from the department of radiation oncology at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center who led the study published by JAMA.
	4.7 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - COL DE L'UTÉRUS
Women are put off smear tests because they worry it will reveal promiscuity, Cancer Research survey finds [The Telegraph] The findings, presented at Cancer Research UK’s early diagnosis conference in Birmingham, comes as the NHS in England prepares to replace standard cervical cancer screening, which looks for abnormal cells, with HPV screening, later this year.
HPV shame could put women off cervical cancer screening [Cancer Research UK] Almost 40% said they would be worried about what people thought of them if told they had HPV and more than 40% would worry their partner had been unfaithful.
	4.9 DÉP., DIAG. & PRONO. - SEIN
Breast cancer survivor shares cautionary tale of relying solely on thermography [CNBC] “I don't know anyone who I consider a credible resource or expert who would suggest that thermography in the absence of a mammogram or another breast cancer detection test is adequate to save lives,” Lichtenfeld said.
	5.1 TRAITEMENTS - PRÉ-CLINIQUE
Roswell Park Reports New Path to Overcoming Drug Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer [Roswell Park] HER2 inhibitor PEPD-G278D demonstrates mechanisms of action not seen with existing drugs.
	5.12 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES
What are the Side Effects of Immunotherapies and How Do They Arise? [Cancer Research Catalyst] In a paper Bluestone and colleagues published in the AACR journal Cancer Immunology Research, they note that irAEs are either a consequence of an autoinflammatory response, caused by the activation of innate immunity, or an autoimmune response, indicated by the presence of autoantibodies and antigen-specific memory T-cell responses.
New assay selects patients with lung cancer for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors [EurekAlert!] Molecular analysis of small, unfixed tissue samples collected using minimally invasive bronchoscopy can identify individuals with malignant disease and yield PD-L1 expression levels, reports The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.
	5.12.2 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - CAR-T, THÉRAPIES CELLULAIRES
Scotland says no to Yescarta, but backs Kymriah [PharmaPhorum] The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) approved Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) for people aged up to 25 with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL), saying that a confidential discount made it “an acceptable use of the limited resources in NHS Scotland.”
	5.12.8 IMMUNOTHÉRAPIES - ECONOMIE
Atezolizumab in combination for treating metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer [NICE] The company’s assumption about the proportion of people who have subsequent therapy is too high. Also, the long-term survival estimates from the company’s model for people with EGFR- or ALK-positive NSCLC are not credible.
Lung cancer treatment combo given initial NHS ‘no’ in England [Cancer Research UK] The combination included four drugs: the immunotherapy atezolizumab (Tecentriq), a targeted drug called bevacizumab (Avastin), plus two chemotherapies, carboplatin (Paraplatin) and paclitaxel (Taxol).
	5.2 PHARMA
Clinigen buys U.S. rights to Novartis' cancer drug Proleukin [Reuters] British pharmaceutical firm Clinigen Group Plc said on Wednesday it acquired the U.S. rights to Swiss drugmaker Novartis AG’s skin and lung cancer drug Proleukin (aldesleukine) for a total of $210 million, including some future payments.
	5.3.4 TRAITEMENTS - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
U.S. FDA Approves DARZALEX® (daratumumab) Split-Dosing Regimen [Janssen] Data from the study demonstrated that DARZALEX concentrations were comparable at the end of weekly dosing regardless of whether the first 16 mg/kg dose was administered as a split infusion or single first infusion.
	5.5 ASCO
What to Watch at This Week's Cancer Summit: Nektar, Merck, Pfizer Data [Bloomberg] New results from Nektar Therapeutics and Immunomedics Inc. are likely to move their share prices. Kidney cancer data from Merck & Co. and Pfizer Inc. could impact Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. as well as Exelixis Inc., whose main drug treats the same indication.
	5.5.14 ASCO (VESSIE)
Bladder cancer readout sees Nektar shares hit [Fierce Biotech] According to the abstract, the combination achieved an overall objective response rate (ORR) of 48%, including 17% complete responses, in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), the most common form of bladder cancer. That ORR is lower than the 60% reported with NKTR-214 at ASCO’s main 2018 meeting.
	5.5.19 ASCO (REIN)
Big Keytruda survival win sets Merck up to steal Bristol-Myers Squibb's kidney cancer share [Fierce Pharma] While subgroup data won’t be available until the weekend, the pharma giant has already said that benefits were consistent across risk groups and levels of biomarker PD-L1.
Merck kidney cancer data impresses, putting pressure on Bristol-Myers [Biopharma Dive] Results disclosed Monday in a study abstract ahead of this year's Genitourinary Cancers Symposium showed Keytruda plus Inlyta to drive a powerful survival benefit over Sutent, reducing the risk of death by 47%. At one year, 89% of patients given the combination were alive versus 78% of those treated with Sutent.
In the battle against kidney cancer, Merck’s keystone immunotherapy Keytruda edges in front [EndPoints] It looks like the company’s blockbuster checkpoint inhibitor Keytruda — largely considered the preeminent immunotherapy — is on its way to establishing its edge in renal cancer.
	5.5.3 ASCO (PROSTATE)
Pfizer, Astellas chase new Xtandi nod with big survival numbers in prostate cancer [Fierce Pharma] The companies said that in a phase 3 trial of men with metastatic HSPC, a combination of Xtandi and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) slashed the risk of cancer worsening or death by 61% versus ADT alone.
Xtandi results bolster Pfizer, Astellas in prostate cancer [Biopharma Dive] The partnered companies had announced the success of the Phase 3 ARCHES study last December. Monday's update gives a fuller sense of the trial, showing the drug improved radiographic progression-free survival in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).
	6. LUTTE CONTRE LES CANCERS
WHO warns of fake cancer drug made from paracetamol [The Guardian] Pills that resemble Leukaemia drug Iclusig sold in Europe and Americas for £5,000 a pack.
	6.1 OBSERVATION
Better breast cancer screening, treatments may have saved hundreds of thousands of lives over 30 years [Reuters] Beyond that, Attai said, there is no information in the SEER database on whether women got mammograms within a year of being diagnosed with breast cancer. So it’s impossible to say, based on this database, what impact screening may have had on declines in deaths.
	6.10 POLITIQUES
France set to get first national strategy for research [Nature] Plan promises funding stability and better career prospects for young researchers, but scientists say significant new investment is crucial.
	6.6 PUBLICATIONS
A proposal for the future of scientific publishing in the life sciences [PLoS Biology] These proposed changes could optimize publishing practices for the digital age, emphasizing transparency, peer-mediated improvement, and post-publication appraisal of scientific articles.
	6.8 COMMUNICATION
Consumer group says most U.S. cancer centers use misleading ads [NBC] Out of 48 cancer centers, 90 percent were “deceptively promoting atypical patient testimonials,” in television and digital marketing material, according to the report, “Deceptive Marketing of Hope,” published last month by Truth In Advertising (TINA.org), a nonprofit consumer group.