Onco Actu du 14 décembre 2018

	2. Etiologie
Breast Cancer Risk May Rise After Childbirth, but Is Still Low [NY Times] To show that the risk is small, Dr. Nichols explained that in women between the ages of 41 and 50 who had given birth in the previous three to seven years, the study found that 2.2 percent developed breast cancer, while in those who had not had babies, the figure was 1.9 percent. The increase in risk lasted for about 20 years. No rise in risk was detected in women who had babies before age 25.
	2.4 Etiologie - Portables, ondes e-m
New Australian study finds no link between mobile phone use and brain cancers [Australian Government] Some previous studies that have compared the mobile phone use between brain cancer cases and healthy controls have shown a weak association between heavy mobile phone use and brain cancer. The current study further showed that if this association was true, then the brain tumour rates would be higher than those that are observed.
	3.4 Chimioprévention
Vitamin D Supplements Don’t Reduce Cancer Incidence, Trial Shows [NCI] The researchers plan to follow the participants for another 2 to 5 years, to see if a statistically significant difference in cancer deaths emerges.
	3.6 Prévention - Activité physique
Exercise Significantly Cuts the Risk of Death from Cancer [Roswell Park] Large Roswell Park study finds that cancer patients who engage in regular physical activity live longer.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Specialist MRI scans recommended to help diagnose prostate cancer on NHS [Cancer Research UK] NICE has recommended that the specialist imaging, called multiparametric (or mp) MRI, is offered before a biopsy. The mpMRI scan combines 3 or 4 different images, which can help doctors build a clearer picture of what’s going on in the prostate.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Liverpool scientists awarded £2.17 million by Cancer Research UK to spot pancreatic cancer early [Cancer Research UK] This new research at the University of Liverpool, funded by Cancer Research UK, will collect blood samples from people with newly diagnosed diabetes, and look for differences between those who later develop pancreatic cancer, and those who don’t.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Why Every Pancreatic Cancer Patient Should Consider Genetic Testing [Michigan Health] An expert panel finds an inherited risk in 1 in 10 pancreatic cancer cases, leading to new recommendations advising all patients to consider genetic screening.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Polygenic Risk Scores Identified [Genome Web] By bringing together array-based genotyping data for nearly 94,100 breast cancer cases and more than 75,000 controls enrolled through dozens of Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies, the researchers came up with several potential PRS focused on overall breast cancer risk or the risk of developing specific breast cancer subtypes.
Internal PHE investigation into the national breast screening incident of 2018 [Public Health England] The principal cause was a mismatch between how age is expressed in national service specifications from 2013 onwards and how age has been defined by the operational systems that choose which women to invite for a screen.
Jeremy Hunt wrong in breast cancer screening statement, inquiry says [The Guardian] PHE and NHS England are still looking into the question of possible deaths of women whose breast cancer might have been picked up by screening. They currently believe the number to be “between 0 and 34”.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
Immunotherapy combo not approved for advanced kidney cancer patients on the NHS [Cancer Research UK] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) concluded that giving the immunotherapy drugs, called ipilimumab (Yervoy) and nivolumab (Opdivo), to people with advanced and aggressive kidney cancer as a first treatment option is not cost effective.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
A new analysis spotlights the top 20 drugs in the late-stage pipeline [EndPoints] Seven of these programs are for cancer, but the list remains eclectic.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA hails 2018 as bumper year for drug development successes [FierceBiotech] This year marks the first time that more than half the approved NMEs target orphan indications. One-third of the drugs were first-in-class molecules. Three-quarters of the NMEs benefited from priority review. One-quarter of the approved drugs had breakthrough designations.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
Cure ‘futures’ offer a way to pay for million-dollar medicines [STAT] You could buy a futures contract as a call option for the right to purchase a therapy that has not yet been invented but is close. Individuals would pay something, say $250 a year for illustration purposes, for the right to buy a disease-specific cure at a fixed affordable amount, one that their health plan would likely cover.
	5.6.7 ESMO - Immunothérapies
AstraZeneca mines for positives in Imfinzi's failed Mystic lung cancer trial [FiercePharma] AstraZeneca isn’t the first immuno-oncology drugmaker to turn to TMB in an effort to carve out a niche for its checkpoint inhibitor.
Can Bristol-Myers' latest Opdivo results preserve its small-cell lung cancer nod? [FiercePharma] The New Jersey drugmaker presented expanded results of the Checkmate-331 study, showing its agent had reduced the risk of death by just 14% among patients who had progressed after platinum-based chemo—not enough to reach the statistical significance threshold.
First Line Immunotherapy Combination Fails to Improve Overall Survival in Lung Cancer [ESMO Press Release] The MYSTIC trial enrolled 1,118 patients with metastatic NSCLC who were randomly allocated to durvalumab alone, durvalumab plus tremelimumab, or chemotherapy.
Second-Line Nivolumab Is Not Superior to Chemotherapy in SCLC [ESMO] Similar response rates and survival were demonstrated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with advanced SCLC.
Vargatef® plus docetaxel could be an option after failure of immunotherapy in lung cancer [Boehringer Ingelheim] Results from a real-world study support a recent update to the ESMO guidelines recommending nintedanib (Vargatef®) plus docetaxel following first-line chemotherapy (+/- immunotherapy) in advanced NSCLC of adenocarcinoma histology.
Esmo-IO – Astrazeneca plays its tumour mutation burden card [Vantage] The greatest interest will fall on the TMB analysis. In subjects defined as TMB-high Astra claimed a six-month survival benefit for the combo, which it described as very exciting albeit exploratory. Speaking to Vantage today Mika Sovak, Astra’s vice-president of immuno-oncology, stressed that the TMB analysis would need to be confirmed in a future trial.
	5.7 SABCS
Research Highlights from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2018 [Cancer Research Catalyst] Here are brief summaries of some of the studies presented at the five-day meeting.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
NIH considers restrictions to counter foreign influence in research [Nature] An agency working group advises stronger security measures, but raises concerns about stigmatizing foreign researchers in the United States.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine [WUSTL] How big data could change health care.
	6.8 Communication
Key opinion leaders’ guide to spinning a disappointing clinical trial result [BMJ Christmas 2018] The extent to which the Panellists’ Playbook will be used and whether it applies to other medical specialties is not yet clear. However, one thing is certain: more research is needed.
Plan to ban ads suggesting medical treatment for cancer is unnecessary [Irish Times] Under the proposed law, it would be an offence to suggest that a medical consultation, diagnosis, treatment or surgery is unnecessary for the treatment of cancer. Those who break the law could face imprisonment.