Onco Actu du 12 décembre 2018

	1. Biologie
Brain Tumor Molecular Features Characterized in Individuals With Tumor Predisposition Condition [Genome Web] The authors noted that "a comprehensive analysis of the complete spectrum of glioma grades throughout the lifespan of NF1 patients has allowed us to follow NF1 gliomagenesis and identify the genetic modules and the expression signatures that distinguish low- from high-grade tumors."
Some Brain Tumors May Respond to Immunotherapy, New Study Suggests [Columbia University] “We were surprised to find that approximately 50 percent of the slow-growing NF1 gliomas contained large numbers of T cells that have the ability to destroy cancer cells,” says Lasorella. These "high immune" tumors are good candidates for treatment with immunotherapy, which could unleash the T cells, and clinical trials are now being planned.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
FDA warns consumers about e-cigarette liquids with erectile dysfunction drugs [CNN] The two HelloCig e-liquids contain tadalafil and sildenafil, the main ingredients in two of the most popular male enhancement drugs on the market, the FDA said. "These FDA-approved prescription drugs are not approved for inclusion in e-liquid products sold over the counter and are therefore being sold illegally."
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - FDA, EMA, NICE,...
Non-invasive MRI scan for Prostate Cancer recommended by NICE [NICE] Multiparametric MRI is clinically cost effective as it will reduce the number of biopsies performed. Additionally, cancers are more likely to be detected and identified earlier, therefore, reducing the need for further treatment.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
In Race for Blood-Based Cancer Detection, More Teams Turn to Epigenetic and Fragment-Based Analysis [Genome Web] Results from new research suggest that such methods could either serve as an adjunct to tumor DNA mutation assays, making cancer detection easier and cheaper, or that they might be sensitive enough on their own to serve as standalone assays.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Taking uncertainty out of cancer prognosis [Cold Spring Harbor Lab] An analysis of nearly 20,000 cancer patient histories and genetic data has revealed that knowing the genetic cause of a cancer does not help predict how deadly the disease will be. Instead, researchers from CSHL have discovered that copy number variations in specific gene sites are far more informative, providing new opportunities to improve prognosis.
	4.5 Dép., diag. & prono. - Colorectal
Researchers Develop Personalized Medicine Tool for Inherited Colorectal Cancer Syndrome Risk [Huntsman Cancer Institute] The authors believe that routine utilization of their methods will dramatically increase the rate of risk classification for genetic changes that previously were poorly understood.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
Cervical screening error: More women affected [BBC News] NHS England says there is no evidence of any harm having resulted from these issues, now dating back to 2017. The women involved, and their GPs, are being written to. The errors were made in 2017 and 2018.
	5. Traitements
To guide cancer therapy, device quickly tests drugs on tumor tissue [MIT News] Inexpensive 3-D-printed microfluidics device could be used to personalize cancer treatment.
Proton beam therapy in Europe: more centres need more research [British Journal of Cancer] This rapid growth in the number of proton beam therapy centres, some of which are supported by national governments, others of which are privately funded, is viewed with concern by advocates of evidence-based medicine.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Breast cancer drug could create chink in the armour of pancreatic cancer [Imperial College London] A research team has demonstrated that in mice, tamoxifen helps change the physical environment, or ‘scaffolding’, in which tumours grow. This scaffolding regulates scar tissue development, inflammation, and immune responses - three key hallmarks of pancreatic cancer.
MD Anderson study shows key enzyme linked to therapy resistance in deadly lung cancer [MD Anderson Cancer Center] The study revealed a unique “addiction” between the enzyme protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) found in NSCLC tumors and standard-of-care treatment called EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Based on mouse and human tissue samples, this link allows PKCδ to lessen TKIs’ ability to forestall cancer.
Sprayable gel developed by UCLA-led team could help the body fight off cancer after surgery [UCLA] The substance will have to go through further testing and approvals before it could be used in humans. But Gu said that the scientists envision the gel being applied to the tumor resection site by surgeons immediately after the tumor is removed during surgery.
Targeting CD47? UCLA joins bandwagon, with gel to stem tumors from resurfacing [EndPoints] Following tumor resection in mice with advanced melanoma, the gel was sprayed on to the surgical site to curtail the growth of tumor cells that lingered despite surgery. Half the mice in the study did not see their tumors re-emerge 60 days following treatment, data showed.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Pfizer's palbociclib most commonly used breast cancer drug in clinical trials [Pharmafile] The drug, which was used in 4% of breast cancer clinical trials conducted in 2018, was investigated for its use as a combination therapy in the vast majority of cases.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Successful anti-PD-1 immunotherapy requires interaction between CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells [Mass. General Hospital] Anti-PD-1 drugs are well known to release the brakes on T cells. Our study indicates that agents promoting intratumoral IL-12 production can further accelerate the anti-tumor reaction.
Tumor-Specific Antigens From Way Out There [In the Pipeline] Identifying and validating these things is still going to be labor-intensive (although the paper has some suggestions on how to make the workflow less onerous). But the results could be worth it – there are so many tumor types for which we have no real antigen candidates at all.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Pfizer to add 100 oncology R&D jobs, cut others amid restructure [Biopharma Dive] The shift will make the La Jolla campus one of the "largest pharmaceutical research centers" in the San Diego area.
	5.2 Pharma
Black Diamond debuts with $20M, mission to drug unexplored oncogenes [FierceBiotech] Epstein, fellow founder Elizabeth Buck, Ph.D., and their team have been quietly working on Black Diamond’s MAP (mutation, allostery and pharmacology) platform that identifies, discovers and targets allosteric mutant oncogenes across different genes and patients.
	5.6 ESMO
ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress Showcases New Technologies Set to Improve Cancer Treatment [ESMO Press Release] “Knowledge is accumulating at such a high speed that keeping up-to-date is a challenge. The wealth of novel research and need for oncologists to understand emerging therapies has sparked the launch of ESMO’s Immuno-Oncology Technology Journal” added Haanen who is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal.“
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Scientists Don’t Stay for Long in Their Jobs Anymore: Study [The Scientist] Plus, more scientists nowadays spend their entire careers in supporting roles, rather than leading their own research programs.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Large coalition joins drug lobby in denouncing Trump proposal to import drug prices for Medicare [EndPoints] However, despite having faster access to treatment in the United States, critics have argued that a number of drugs that are sanctioned approval by the FDA do not confer large enough efficacy improvements over existing medications to warrant the prices they command, which explains why agencies such as NICE delay or reject their domestic adoption.
	6.4 Médico-éco
Measuring the Value of Matched Therapy [Foundation Medicine] In new research recently published in JCO Precision Oncology, we quantified the costs and benefits of genomically matching patients with metastatic cancer to therapy. This cost overlay study is the first to report anticancer drug costs and associated cost drivers for matched and unmatched therapies in these types of patients.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
A new AI method can train on medical records without revealing patient data [MIT Technology Review] The idea is hospitals and other medical institutions would be able to train their models partway with their patients’ data locally, then each send their half-trained model to a centralized location to complete the final stages of training with their models together. The centralized location, whether that be the cloud services of Google or another company, would never see the raw patient data; they would only see the output of the half-baked model plus the model itself.