Onco Actu du 9 novembre 2018

	1. Biologie
Study identifies cause of fragile envelopes in many cancer cells [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] Using lab-grown human cells, Pellman and his colleagues found that the envelope of the micronucleus is missing some critical materials, including key components of the nuclear-pore complex. The result is that pores are largely missing from the envelope, preventing entry of proteins needed to maintain the envelope and protect the chromosome from damage.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
F.D.A. Plans to Ban Most Flavored E-Cigarette Sales in Stores [NY Times] The agency also plans to require age-verification measures for online sales to try to ensure that minors are not able to buy the flavor pods.
U.S. to restrict e-cigarette flavors to fight teenage vaping 'epidemic' [Reuters] The planned restrictions on flavors in convenience stores are likely to have the biggest impact on Juul, which sells nicotine liquid pods in flavors such as mango, mint, fruit and creme, previously called creme brulee.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Doctor and dad duo design new 'cancer maps' to aid diagnosis [Cancer Research UK] The innovative ‘Cancer Maps’ were developed to help make it easier for GPs to navigate the cancer recognition and referral guidelines published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2015. Dr Noble’s brainchild has so impressed the medical community that it has been endorsed by NICE and the Royal College of GPs and will soon be rolled out across the UK.
	4.7 Dép., diag. & prono. - Col de l'utérus
Mailed HPV tests can help find women at-risk for cervical cancer, study finds [UNC Lineberger] “This is a demonstration that mailing self-collection kits and returning them to test for high-risk HPV infection has big potential to increase screening access among under-screened women, and to do that successfully.”
	5. Traitements
Oncology in Transition - Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities [JAMA] The series of Viewpoints, which begins in this issue of JAMA, will include thought leaders from academia, patient advocacy, industry, and government along with basic, translational, clinical, and population scientists. Its purpose is to provide JAMA readers with perspective on the challenges ahead.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Drugmakers seek clarity on guidance on use of placebo and blinding in oncology trials [EndPoints] The draft features the FDA’s thoughts on the ethical challenges of using a placebo in randomized controlled clinical trials for therapies to treat hematologic malignancy and oncologic disease. The draft also discusses blinding and unblinding, patient reported outcomes (PROs) and practical and ethical concerns.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy effective in Phase II leukemia study [MD Anderson Cancer Center] Azacitidine and nivolumab therapy results in complete remission for 22 percent of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia; biomarkers found for patients likely to respond.
	5.12.7 Immunothérapies - vaccins
Vaccines as an Integral Component of Cancer Immunotherapy [JAMA] Cancer vaccine therapy is now situated to be an essential component for a successful antitumor response for so-called cold tumors that are not responsive to the use of single or combination CIMA therapy.
	5.12.9 Immunothérapies - SITC
New Data from Investigational Study of LENVIMA® (lenvatinib) and KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Combination in Three Different Tumor Types Presented at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer’s 33rd Annual Meeting [Merck] New data support ongoing broad clinical program for LENVIMA and KEYTRUDA combination across multiple tumor types.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
AstraZeneca chief says Europe should pay more for drugs—and the U.S. should pay less [FiercePharma] Thing is, he doesn’t know how those pricing tweaks would happen. “Whether that can be done, I don’t know,” he said in the interview. “It’s probably unlikely.”
AstraZeneca chief Pascal Soriot heralds the start of a ‘period of sustained growth for years to come’ [EndPoints] Key to the process was gaining an early, breakthrough approval for their PARP Lynparza, while going on to build new revenue by adding supplemental approvals. Three more PARPs have now crowded in behind AstraZeneca, but the UK company clearly has a commanding lead there.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on new efforts to strengthen FDA’s expanded access program [FDA] FDA is deeply committed to our Expanded Access program and facilitating access to medical products outside of clinical trials when no alternative therapy options are available to patients. And we are deeply committed to continuing to enhance this program going forward.
EMA’s Regulatory Science Strategy to 2025 [ESMO] The workshop offered an opportunity to reflect on the scientific and technological advances in the pharmaceutical arena, the challenges that the Agency’s scientific committees and working parties will face in the future and to look at initial proposals to address them.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
ICR responds to NICE decision on olaparib for women with advanced ovarian cancer [Institute of Cancer Research] NICE’s decision today was a complicated one and cost was a major factor. Use of olaparib in women without BRCA mutations would be more clearly cost-effective if we could learn more about which women benefit and had a better test to pick them out for treatment.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Recommends Jazz Pharmaceuticals' Vyxeos® (Daunorubicin and Cytarabine) for Adults with Specific Types of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) [Jazz Pharmaceuticals] "This is the first new chemotherapy in forty years for adults with specific types of newly diagnosed secondary AML, a particularly aggressive cancer that typically affects older people and has a high mortality rate."
NICE nod for Jazz’ AML chemo [PharmaTimes] Jazz Pharmaceuticals has revealed that NICE has chosen to recommend that its 44mg/100mg powder formulation of Vyxeos for concentrate for solution for infusion be adopted by the NHS for regular use, bringing the first new chemotherapy drug for the treatment of two types of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 40 years.
Olaparib for maintenance treatment of relapsed, platinum-sensitive ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer [NICE] Olaparib is not recommended, within its marketing authorisation, for maintenance treatment of relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer that is in response to platinum-based chemotherapy in adults.
NICE fail to recommend AstraZeneca's cancer drug Olaparib on cost effectiveness basis [Pharmafile] "Olaparib does not meet NICE’s end-of-life or Cancer Drugs Fund criteria. Therefore, it is not recommended.”
	6.1 Observation
Eight Factors May Link Disparities in Cancer Death Rates and Income [NCI] Eight factors, including lack of access to high-quality clinical care, food insecurity, smoking, and obesity may explain more than 80% of the relationship between poverty and disparities in cancer death rates at the county level, according to a new study.
NHS cancer treatment wait statistics 'set to be worst on record' [The Guardian] Lowest percentage of patients treated since new standards introduced, figures show.
	6.10 Politiques
Europe’s researchers benefit from reduced bureaucracy [Nature] Measures have included centralizing support services, improving information-technology tools and developing a single rulebook for participation.
	6.12 Ethique
Judge dismisses most of Carlo Croce’s libel case against the New York Times [Retraction Watch] Carlo Croce, a prolific cancer researcher at The Ohio State University in Columbus who was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times last year about allegations of misconduct against him, has had most of a lawsuit he filed against the newspaper thrown out.
Sanger whistle-blowers dispute findings that cleared management of bullying [Nature] Current and former employees say investigation at the Wellcome Sanger Institute was flawed; the genomics powerhouse stands by the findings.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives/complémentaires
The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center shows us how to write a press release on integrative oncology [Respectful Insolence] Then of course, there’s the part about “separating snake oil from science” at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. It’s mandatory in all press releases of this sort about any new integrative medicine program. At one point, reading this press release, I must admit that the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center fried yet another irony meter of mine.
	6.6 Publications
Scientists struggle with confusing journal guidelines [Nature] Global survey finds that unclear publishing policies place an additional burden on many scientists who don’t speak English as a first language.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
Google has hired Geisinger's David Feinberg to lead its health strategy [CNBC] Feinberg's job will be figuring out how to organize Google's fragmented health initiatives, which overlap among many different business groups.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
AI is not “magic dust” for your company, says Google’s Cloud AI boss [MIT Technology Review] Andrew Moore says getting the technology to work in businesses is a huge challenge.
	6.8 Communication
How minimally invasive surgery was spun as the ‘latest and greatest’ for cervical cancer [HealthNewsReview] Ahead of robust data, doctors and the hospitals that woo them had rushed to adopt laparoscopy and robots, which came to be used for about half of radical hysterectomies for early-stage cervical cancers in the U.S. It’s a good time to renew our call to be cautiously skeptical when you hear gung-ho messages about minimally invasive procedures.