Onco Actu du 5 octobre 2018

	2. Etiologie
Is a little radiation good for you? Controversial theory pops up in Senate hearing on EPA transparency plan [Science] A scientist who champions an alternative to that model was one of three witnesses at yesterday’s hearing, held by a subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Toxicologist Edward Calabrese of the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, is known for promoting the controversial theory of hormesis—that small doses of toxic agents can be healthful.
	2.11 Etiologie - Alimentation
Processed meat? Really? How to process epidemiological news [The Mermaid's Tale] Why breast cancer, by the way? Why not intestinal or many other cancers? Why, if even the current story refers to past results as being 'inconsistent' do we assume this one's right and they, or some of them, were wrong? Could it be that this is because investigators want attention, journalists need news stories, and so on?
	2.5 Etiologie - Gènes
Time doesn’t heal all wounds: how DNA damage as we age causes cancer [The Conversation] Our research is helping to tease apart the contribution of DNA damage in different disease processes. Our findings suggest that some people accumulate more DNA damage than others – their clocks are ticking a little faster – and measuring these differences may help to spot people at risk of developing cancer, or help match them with more effective treatments.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Mass. General-led study supports ability of regular aspirin use to reduce liver cancer risk [Mass. General Hospital] “While it’s still too early know whether starting aspirin therapy might be an effective strategy to prevent HCC, efforts to understand the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects could help identify urgently-needed prevention strategies or biomarkers for a cancer that is a growing public health problem.”
Low-dose aspirin may lower ovarian cancer risk [Harvard] For this study, Harvard Chan School researchers, along with colleagues from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, analyzed data on 205,498 women who were part of the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II. Of those, 1,054 developed ovarian cancer.
Daily Baby Aspirin May Lower Ovarian Cancer Risk [NY Times] A standard aspirin did not lower ovarian cancer risk.
Aspirin and Chemoprevention—Have We Arrived? [JAMA Oncology] The 2 studies by Barnard et al and Simon et al are a critical step in realizing a broader population-wide use of aspirin for cancer chemoprevention. However, to realize the full potential of aspirin in precision chemoprevention, the molecular underpinnings of these important risk reduction effects also need to be defined.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Guardant Health’s IPO Tops Range, Raising $238M for Cancer Tests [Xconomy] To date, Guardant has commercialized two liquid biopsy products. Guardant360 launched in 2014, and tests for 73 cancer-related genes from small amounts of tumor DNA circulating in the blood. Last year, Guardant launched GuardantOMNI, which tests for 500 cancer genes. This product is used in biopharmaceutical research, helping drug companies identify cancer patients for clinical trials.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Mayo researchers identify potential new treatment for subset of women with triple-negative breast cancer [Mayo Clinic] Dr. Hawse and his colleagues discovered one potential mechanism of how estradiol exerts its anticancer effects. They determined that when estradiol binds with estrogen receptor beta in triple-negative breast cancer, it stimulates the expression of a group of proteins called "cystatins," which exhibit tumor suppressing effects on neighboring and distant cancer cells.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Study Shows Duvelisib Has Marked Response, Survival Benefit in Difficult-to-Treat Leukemia and Lymphoma Compared with Standard Therapy [ASH] According to the study, duvelisib extended the progression-free survival from a median of 9.9 months on ofatumumab to 13.3 months. Duvelisib’s benefit also appeared to extend to patients with high-risk genetic mutations and poorer prognoses.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Analysis Reveals Genomic Effects of a New Cancer Treatment Now in Clinical Trials [Penn Medicine] Using mouse and human cells, Brown’s team, including co-first authors Nishita Shastri and Yu-Chen Tsai, identified over 500 sites in DNA that require an enzyme called ATR checkpoint kinase to not break when they are replicated.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
MD Anderson and Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals announce strategic alliance to study novel Cyclacel medicines in hematological malignancies [MD Anderson Cancer Center] MD Anderson will conduct four clinical studies with a total projected enrollment of up to 170 patients, which will investigate CYC065, CYC140 and sapacitabine either as single agents or in combination with approved drugs.
	6.1 Observation
Report Outlines Cancer Risk among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States [ACS] New data highlight high prostate and colorectal cancer burden among men in Puerto Rico.
	6.11 Patients
Male doctors said my ‘female’ cancer was incurable. Then a woman took command and gave me hope [STAT] Like most patients in the French system, my care was 100 percent covered by the state, including the wig I eventually needed. And here, at last, a woman took command of my care as the leader of an ovarian cancer research project. This oncologist listened to my questions. She explained medical approaches. She promised me that her goal was a cure instead of surrender. And she was the very first to propose immunotherapy, which harnesses the patient’s own immune system to attack cancer.
	6.14 Prix Nobel
Thoughts on the Chemistry Nobel Prize [In the Pipeline] As it stands, I see no real solution to the “That prize isn’t chemistry!” problem. It’s a large enough field that molecular biology can be jammed into it without (much) shame, and that brings us to another difficult subject: there have been more world-impacting discoveries in that field over the last decades than there have been in chemistry.
	6.3 Associations/Fondations
Precision medicine needs a business mindset in order to flourish [STAT] Bringing five cancer organizations with different missions together to agree upon a unified framework for reaching patients was no small feat. But thanks to collective impact, they were able to agree on a common goal of improving direct-to-patient engagement. And by working together, instead of in silos, they created a promising framework they may not have been able to develop on their own.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives/complémentaires
The World Health Organization: Embracing traditional Chinese medicine pseudoscience in ICD-11 [Respectful Insolence] To his credit, Cyranowski actually tells us why. It all comes down to China and the leadership of Margaret Chan, who ran WHO from 2006 to 2017. During that time, the ties between WHO and China became closer, and the WHO became more and more credulous towards the prescientific nonsense that is TCM.
	6.6 Publications
Cancer researcher who once tried to sue critics is up to 40 retracted papers [Retraction Watch] Three of the retractions appear in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics and four are from PLOS ONE. All involve falsification of data; one article had been corrected earlier, in 2014.
Mr Smits goes to Washington: Architect of bold European open-access plan hopes to garner US support [Nature] A month after European funders launched the ‘Plan S’ initiative to demand immediate open access to scientific literature in the next two years, the plan’s creators have revealed more details about their bold scheme — and are hurriedly trying to get support from US policymakers.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Google DeepMind Given Access To Mammograms Of 30,000 Women By Japanese Hospital [Forbes] The AI lab, which was acquired by Google for £400 million in 2014, wants to see if it's possible to train an algorithm to spot early signs of breast cancer on these X-rays more effectively than current screening techniques allow.