Onco Actu du 30 octobre 2018

	1. Biologie
Cancer’s Most Deadly Assassin Exists in Every Cell [Northwestern University] As soon as the cell’s inner bodyguards sense it is mutating into cancer, they punch in the kill code to extinguish the mutating cell. The code is embedded in large protein-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and in small RNAs, called microRNAs, which scientists estimate evolved more than 800 million years ago in part to protect the body from cancer. The toxic small RNA molecules also are triggered by chemotherapy, Northwestern scientists report.
	1.4 Biologie - Technos
Pre-Existing Immunity to CRISPR Found in 96% of People in Study [Xconomy] The immune systems of a large majority of people could already be primed to attack and possibly even disable a key component of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing therapeutics (which are quickly moving towards their first human tests), suggests new research published today.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
E-cigarette policy should consider environmental effects, expert says [Reuters] Hendlin suggested closing the waste loop with the “extended producer responsibility” model, which is used in the electronics industry.
	3.3 Prévention - Vaccins
'Unprecedented' demand for Merck's Gardasil drives monster Q3 [FiercePharma] In the third quarter, Merck’s Gardasil franchise generated $1.05 billion in global sales, a 55% increase over last year’s third quarter, when the franchise pulled in $675 million. Part of the growth came from sales to the CDC's stockpile, the company noted, but higher demand around the world—including in Europe and China—also played a role.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
DNA Fragment End Analysis Could Improve Liquid Biopsy [Genome Web] This suggests that the fragment-end approach might offer a cheaper way to look for signs of cancer in the blood than mutation-based methods.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Not so crystal clear: The EU’s clinical reporting problem [Pharmafile] With shocking new findings revealing that around half of all clinical trial results in Europe go unreported, Matt Fellows explores the roots of this not-so-surprising revelation, what can be done, and why it all is so important.
	5.12.1 Immunothérapies - partenariats
MacroGenics and NanoString Enter Translational Research Collaboration to Identify and Develop Biomarkers in Immuno-Oncology [Nanostring] MacroGenics and NanoString will conduct joint research using the PanCancer IO 360™ Panel to explore potentially predictive signatures for MGD013 clinical applications.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T, thérapies cellulaires
The West is losing the gene editing race. It needs to catch up [STAT] Another indicator of the changing nationality of gene-editing work is the location of CAR-T trials. Five years ago, there were no such trials being conducted in China. Then the Chinese government made it easier to set up and conduct this kind of trial. As of August 2018, there were 21 trials being conducted in Europe, 123 in the United States, and 148 in China.
	5.12.3 Immunothérapies-combinaisons
Combination immunotherapy yields high survival rate in advanced melanoma [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] The CheckMate 067 study has followed 945 patients with previously untreated, inoperable stage III or stage IV melanoma who were randomized to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab; nivolumab plus placebo, or ipilimumab plus placebo.
	5.2 Pharma
Johnson & Johnson down to its final Zytiga defenses as judge puts temporary kibosh on generics [FiercePharma] Zytiga's international growth can help soften the blow. Internationally, the drug posted sales of $1.29 billion through the first nine months of this year, a 40% increase, and Zytiga boasts patent protections in Europe until 2027, J&J said.
Genmab Announces Positive Topline Results in Phase III MAIA Study of Daratumumab in Front Line Multiple Myeloma [Genmab] Phase III MAIA study of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in front line multiple myeloma met the primary endpoint (PFS) at a pre-planned interim analysis demonstrating the superiority of DRd over Rd.
	6.12 Ethique
Should Failure to Disclose Significant Financial Conflicts of Interest Be Considered Research Misconduct? [JAMA] A sanction that simply involves an addendum to previously published research arguably provides limited incentive to comply with the regulations or institutional policy. These considerations suggest that it is time for a new approach for how institutions and the research community address noncompliance in this domain.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives/complémentaires
The Integrative Oncology Scholars Program: Indoctrinating oncology professionals into pseudoscience [Respectful Insolence] It also doesn’t help that Zick is a player in the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO), having been president of the organization a couple of years ago and having had integral (if you’ll excuse the term) involvement in drafting the SIO’s dubious guidelines for the integrative oncological care of breast cancer patients, an updated version of which, alas, was recently endorsed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
On being and becoming a data science company [Novartis] Now, instead of only looking at one trial, we’re looking at the data from decades of clinical trials and asking, “What if we were to mine all of it together?” We hope to make connections that would be impossible with a smaller dataset.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Truly, neurally, deeply [Knowable Magazine] Scientists are developing AI systems called deep neural nets that can read medical images and detect disease — with astonishing efficiency.
	6.8 Communication
A step-by-step guide to creating health care clickbait [HealthNewsReview] We’ve dissected the methodology behind this story to create a step-by-step guide to making health care clickbait. Please note that this is intended for educational purposes only. It’s not recommended that you try this at home.