Onco Actu du 29 octobre 2018

	1. Biologie
Turning cells against pancreatic cancer [Cold Spring Harbor Lab] In this new report, Biffi and her colleagues have identified specific molecular signals released by cancer cells that determine fibroblasts’ character within pancreatic tumors. They have discovered that one such molecule, IL-1, drives fibroblasts to take on a tumor-promoting identity.
The spread of cancerous cells determined with new model developed at YSPH [Yale Cancer Center] In the study, the researchers estimated the effect sizes of all recurrent single nucleotide variants in 22 major types of cancer, and quantified the relative importance of each.
	2.5 Etiologie - Gènes
Why are Men More Likely Than Women to Develop Cancer Over the Course of Their Lives? [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] “The fact that the very genes which are more often mutated in males are found exclusively on the X chromosome – and that several of them are known to be tumor-suppressors and escape X-inactivation – is compelling evidence of our theory,” Lane remarked
	3. Prévention
Breast-Feeding Is Good for the Mother, and Not Just the Baby [NY Times] Breast-feeding is particularly protective against some of the most aggressive tumors, called hormone receptor-negative or triple-negative tumors, which are more common among African-American women, studies show. It also lowers the risk by one-third for women who are prone to cancer because of an inherited BRCA1 mutation.
	3.1 Prévention - Tabac
Few smokers know about added sugar in cigarettes [Reuters] Cigarettes contain natural and added sugars to reduce the harshness of smoke, making it easier to inhale. This also increases the amount of harmful chemicals in smoke and the addictive potential of smoking, Seidenberg said.
	4. Dépistage, diagnostic et pronostic
Improving Cancer Diagnosis and Care Patient Access to Oncologic Imaging and Pathology Expertise and Technologies: Proceedings of a Workshop [NAP] The first workshop, held on February 12–13, 2018, in Washington, DC, focused on potential strategies to ensure that patients have access to appropriate expertise and technologies in oncologic pathology and imaging to inform their cancer diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as assessment of treatment response and surveillance.
	4.10 Dép., diag. & prono. - Poumon
IASLC Issues Statement on Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose Computed Tomography [IASLC] “The unanimous consensus of the committee’s screening experts is that now is the time for international leaders, governments, health care systems and other stakeholders to implement global lung cancer screening programs, as they do for breast cancer (mammography) and colon cancer (colonoscopy), which save the lives of countless individuals.”
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Lung Cancer Liquid Biopsy Approach Marries Sequencing, Target Enrichment, Computational Methods [Genome Web] According to Patel, all the teams funded under the liquid biopsy early detection RFA are working together as a consortium and will be meeting regularly, so there will be opportunities for the groups to share samples, "and maybe also technologies," he added.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Genetic Profiling May Inform Breast Cancer Risk in Young Childhood Cancer Survivors [AACR] “Our results indicate that personalized breast cancer surveillance strategies for survivors should incorporate prior exposure to specific anti-cancer treatments, the presence of P/LP mutations, and the cumulative presence of small-effect common variants, as represented by a polygenic risk score.”
	5. Traitements
Has the Promise of Precision Medicine Been Oversold? [The ASCO Post] A roundtable discussion with Edward S. Kim, Vinay Prasad and Richard L. Schilsky.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
New 'peptoids' show promise in resistant prostate cancer [FierceBiotech] The experimental drugs tread the middle ground between small molecules and large biologics. Called peptoids, these protein-like compounds have a structure that's similar to that of peptides but they differ significantly in function. Using computational tools, the team synthesized compounds that reduced the growth of prostate cancer in cell cultures by 95% compared to untreated cells.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Are the new clinical trial transparency rules incompatible with the patentability requirements in Europe? [Nature Biotechnology] New transparency policies have created a tension between the regulatory obligation to post clinical trials early and the desire to obtain patent protection.
	5.2 Pharma
Court Issues Ruling in ZYTIGA® Patent Infringement Litigation [Johnson&Johnson] Commercial launch of generic abiraterone acetate prior to the outcome of the appeals would be considered an at-risk launch. In Europe, ZYTIGA® is protected by regulatory exclusivity through September 2022.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
Julian Adams manages to complete his $50M IPO at Gamida Cell — at a heavy cost [EndPoints] The Israeli biotech has been developing a cell graft for blood cancer patients in need of a bone marrow transplant that is made up of stem cells, progenitor cells as well as dendritic cells extracted from the umbilical cord.
	5.4 Traitements - Economie
$2B AbbVie-Roche leukemia pairing gets a vexing thumbs-down from NICE [FiercePharma] The reasoning behind the cold shoulder? The NICE panel couldn’t determine, based on available evidence, that the one-two punch does a better job at fighting off CLL than Imbruvica, another AbbVie drug that’s the usual choice for treating the disease.
High price of precision medicine forces cancer patients to make agonizing choices [USA Today] “When you are looking at your daughter, you ask yourself, ‘Do I take a medication that might allow me to see her graduate high school?’” asked Kilmer, of Spearfish, South Dakota. “Or do you stop taking it to avoid causing her financial harm?”
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Medicare Part B needs reform, but Trump’s proposal faces insurmountable challenges [STAT] The second political mistake is tying action on U.S. drug prices to the prices paid in foreign countries that use price controls. The administration is essentially saying it wants U.S. prices to reach the same prices that other countries achieve through price controls — while at the same time criticizing price controls because they reduce access and innovation in new drug development.
	6.3 Associations/Fondations
Scientists And Parents Band Together To Research Cures For Rare Childhood Cancer [NPR] The Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, just outside of Portland, Ore., takes a more coordinated approach, one that is channeling families' desperation to quietly transform pediatric cancer research. In less than three years after the Institute began operating out of a remodeled paint factory in Beaverton, Ore., it has pushed new drug candidates into three clinical trials.
	6.6 Publications
Unpaywall: a beautiful way to help everyone Get The Research [LSE Impact Blog] The team behind Unpaywall will soon be launching a new product called GetTheResearch where regular people can find, read, and understand the scholarly research on any topic. It’ll be built on the 20 million open access articles in the Unpaywall index, and feature AI-powered tools that help make the content and context of scholarly articles clearer to readers.