Onco Actu du 25 octobre 2018

	1.1 Biologie - Gènes
Largest census of cancer genes to help understand drug targets [Wellcome Sanger Institute] Describing all genes strongly implicated in causing cancer, the Census also describes how they function across all forms of this disease. Reported in Nature Reviews Cancer, the resource catalogues over 700 genes, to help scientists understand the causes of cancers, find drug targets and design treatments.
	2. Etiologie
Taller People More Prone to Cancer [The Scientist] The increased risk is slight, but aligns with a longstanding hypothesis that having more cells in one’s body leads to more chances for those cells to become cancerous.
	2.6 Etiologie - Environnement
No surprise Bayer's taking a hard line against Roundup cases—it's got plenty of experience [FiercePharma] Like most pharma giants, Bayer has experience fighting product liability claims that number in the thousands or even tens of thousands. For instance, the company faces about 24,000 claims tied to its blood thinner Xarelto.
SlimeGate 2/7: Predatorts 1/4: The Honeypot Crisis [The Risk-Monger] The world has changed. The seemingly orchestrated public fear of vaccines, of trace residues of glyphosate in our Cheerios, of talcum powder causing cancer … has focalised pure naked fear upon pure shrouded nonsense. How did this public panic come about?
Dozens more breakfast foods test positive for trace amounts of weed killer, report says [CNN] Brawley said that parents should instead make sure their kids are eating fruits, vegetables, and getting the nutrition they need. More children "are definitely going to be harmed by inappropriate diets," he said, "than by a small amount of glyphosate in their oatmeal."
IARC's Glyphosate-gate Scandal [Forbes] We delude ourselves if we think that environmental activists and allied scientists (including academic and government researchers) engaged in these questions are free of their own interests. The recent revelations regarding IARC’s glyphosate assessment throw these issues into stark relief.
	4.11 Dép., diag. & prono. - Ovaire
Ellen Pompeo gives terrible advice about ovarian cancer screening on The Ellen Show [Dr. Jen Gunter] I believe Ms. Pompeo acted in good faith, but that doesn’t make her information correct and undoing what she said will be hard. There is a phenomenon called the illusory truth effect — the more you are exposed to incorrect information the more likely you are to believe it. Even one exposure to incorrect information can prime you to believe fake news, so the potential for harm from a short segment like this is real.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
A Chinese company unveils a powerful new sequencer. But can it compete in the U.S.? [STAT] There is little doubt that BGI is a major player in the global market. The company, headquartered and publicly traded in China, sells its sequencing machines in Asia, Europe, and Canada. And it counts the American genomics pioneers George Church and Leroy Hood among its scientific advisers.
	5. Traitements
Higher Delivered Dose of Tumor Treating Fields to Tumor Bed Associated with Improved Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma [Novocure] Post-hoc analysis of EF-14 phase 3 pivotal trial demonstrated that power loss density and electric field intensity were associated with improved overall survival, independent of compliance.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Helping blood cells regenerate after radiation therapy [MIT News] Method boosts differentiation of stem cells into mature blood cell types, may help leukemia and lymphoma patients.
	5.12.4 Immunothérapies - Essais
Trial Reporting in Immuno-Oncology (TRIO): An American Society of Clinical Oncology-Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement [Journal of Clinical Oncology] The TRIO recommendations are intended to improve the reporting of IO clinical trials and thus provide more complete evidence on the relative benefits and risks of an IO therapeutic approach.
	5.2 Pharma
Chasing Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer, Bayer hits goal in prostate cancer phase 3 [FierceBiotech] The release disclosing the top-line result of the trial is very light on details.
PARPs may be crushing it in the clinic, but half of doctors are still wary: executive [FiercePharma] “What we’re seeing is, 40%, 50% of women who are eligible for a PARP as maintenance treatment for ovarian cancer are still not receiving” it, he said. Why the hesitation, especially considering that AstraZeneca and Merck’s Lynparza, Tesaro’s Zejula and Clovis Oncology’s Rubraca have all put up positive phase 3 data in those patients?
Bayer, Orion prostate cancer drug delays spread of disease in PhIII, but can it make a mark in a crowded market? [EndPoints] The two drugmakers may be late to the party, with other such androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors such as Pfizer’s Xtandi as well as J&J’s newer Erleada already on the market.
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
EU biosimilar embrace hits Roche’s Herceptin hard, but the pain is coming for AbbVie, J&J and more: report [FiercePharma] Herceptin biosimilars from Celltrion, Samsung Bioepis and Amgen have been on the market for about four months in the EU, but they’ve already captured 6% of the market, Gal reported. And Herceptin biosimilar adoption is accelerating, especially in the U.K. and Germany.
	5.6.14 ESMO - Ovaire
Targeted drug could slow progression of ovarian cancer in women with faulty BRCA gene [Cancer Research UK] Dr Shibani Nicum, lead gynaecological oncologist at Oxford University Hospitals, said the findings were extremely important for women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation, “raising the possibility of curing some women.”
	5.6.6.1 ESMO - Sein (triple négatif)
‘Simply cruel’: Patient advocates condemn breast cancer immunotherapy hype [HealthNewsReview] She said patients who read such coverage “may feel like they’re being treated unfairly, and only if their doctor puts them on the immunotherapy will they get better. The costs both financially and emotionally for people wanting to find a ‘cure’ are inflated by this type of news coverage.”
	5.9.1 ASTRO
Aggressive treatment for some stage IV lung cancer patients can dramatically improve overall survival [ASTRO] Patients who received radiation/surgery experienced a median overall survival rate of 41.2 months (95% CI 18.9, NA), compared to 17.0 months (95% CI 10.1, 39.8) for those who received standard maintenance therapy/observation (MT/O) (p=0.017). “This is a very long overall survival time for patients with metastatic disease,” noted Dr. Gomez.
Radiation therapy cuts low risk of recurrence by nearly three-fourths for patients with “good risk” breast cancer [ASTRO] In this long-term update, patients with “good risk” DCIS — defined by the research team as cancer found only on mammogram or incidentally during a breast biopsy for another reason — continued to experience extremely low recurrence 12 years after breast conservation surgery.
Combined therapy including pelvic lymph node radiation provides significant benefit for prostate cancer patients [ASTRO] The SPPORT trial enrolled 1,792 men at centers in the U.S., Canada and Israel from 2008 to 2015. Eligible patients had persistently detectable or rising PSA levels and evidence that some cancer cells were left behind after prostatectomy in the prostate bed, pelvic lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body after prostatectomy.
Men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer can safely benefit from fewer, higher-dose radiation treatments [ASTRO] This multi-institutional consortium study — to date the largest analysis of long-term outcomes following SBRT for this patient population — includes data from 10 institutional trials and two large multi-institutional studies. It examines the long-term safety and efficacy of SBRT for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in a cohort of 2,142 men enrolled in institutional phase II trials of SBRT from 2000 to 2012.
	6.5 Médecines alternatives/complémentaires
Medical crowdfunding steers millions in donations to dangerous snake oil [HealthNewsReview] “They need to stop claiming that their websites serve only to help people obtain access to needed medical interventions,” he said. “Instead, they must acknowledge that their platforms often help patients access medical procedures or products that are useless and in some cases even dangerous."
	6.6 Publications
Do authors comply when funders enforce open access to research? [Nature] The first large-scale analysis of compliance with open-access rules reveals that up to one-third of articles are not free to read, report Vincent Larivière and Cassidy R. Sugimoto.
First analysis of ‘pre-registered’ studies shows sharp rise in null findings [Nature] Logging hypotheses and protocols before performing research seems to work as intended: to reduce publication bias for positive results.