Onco Actu du 18 octobre 2018

	1. Biologie
A Bad Influence: The Interplay between Tumor Cells and Immune Cells [Huntsman Cancer Institute] “The mouse models that we developed here are powerful tools that mirror many features of human tumors. Using these models, we showed how cancer cells modify their microenvironment and how the altered microenvironment, in return, favors cancer cells.”
	2. Etiologie
Why Oral Cancer Threatens Men [Scientific American] Researchers link the rise of these cancers to changing sexual practices, perhaps dating back to the 1970s. “People have more partners than they had in the past, and they initiate oral sex at an earlier age than previous generations did,” says Gypsyamber D'Souza.
	2.5 Etiologie - Gènes
Genetic Differences in Prostate Cancer Pinpointed in Black Men [Renal & Urology News] A team led by Olivier Cussenot, MD, PhD, of Tenon Hospital in Paris, showed that prostate tumors in African-Caribbean men, compared with those in French-Caribbean men, are characterized by a more frequent deletion at 1q41-43 encompassing the DNA repair gene PARP1 and a greater proportion of intrachromosomal rearrangements, including duplications associated with CDK12 truncating mutations, the investigators reported in European Urology.
	4.3 Dép., diag. & prono. - Industriels
Myriad Receives FDA Approval of BRACAnalysis CDx® as Companion Diagnostic for Pfizer’s TALZENNA® (talazoparib) [Myriad Genetics] The FDA approvals are based on results from the EMBRACA trial that evaluated TALZENNA versus physician’s choice chemotherapy in patients with germline BRCA-mutated, HER2-negative locally advanced or mBC. “Myriad’s BRACAnalysis CDx test was shown in the EMBRACA trial to accurately identify certain patients with a germline BRCA-mutation who may benefit from TALZENNA.”
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Vast Leukemia Dataset Could Help Researchers Match Therapies to Patients [HHMI] “People can get online, search our database, and very quickly get answers to ‘Is this a good drug?’ or ‘Is there a patient population my drug can work in?’” Druker says.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Cartoons offer a peek into cancer immunotherapy — and scientists’ minds [STAT] I think that the cartoons also tell the story. The first two below are by this year’s winners of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, Jim Allison and Tasuku Honjo. The others are a sample of the breadth of inventiveness that a simple cartoon can offer about something as complex as cancer immunotherapy.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
We can now customize cancer cures, tumor by tumor [MIT Technology Review] The technology for the first truly personalized cancer vaccine is not yet proven. And these therapies are all likely to be expensive. But he insists that if it’s all done right, the extra costs and thinner margins will be more than offset by the sheer number of people who would use the treatment.
	5.2 Pharma
AbbVie Announces Supplemental New Drug Application Accepted for Priority Review by U.S. FDA for IMBRUVICA® (ibrutinib) in Combination with Obinutuzumab (GAZYVA®) for Previously Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [AbbVie] The submission is based on positive results from the Phase 3 iLLUMINATE (PCYC-1130) trial, which showed longer progression-free survival for IMBRUVICA plus obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in CLL/SLL.
Pfizer bags an FDA OK for PARP player talazoparib — now the hard part begins [EndPoints] The OK comes 4 years after AstraZeneca provided the market-leading OK for a PARP in the US. Since then, it’s allied with Merck and continued to expand the drug’s label. AstraZeneca has already offered similar risk reduction figures for breast cancer, which will make Pfizer’s job that much tougher.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
Foundation Medicine Announces Strategic Collaboration with Major Pharmaceutical Company [Foundation Medicine] Novartis to Leverage Foundation Medicine’s Molecular Information Solutions to Develop Companion Diagnostics for Cancer Therapies.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
FDA lists 205 molecular targets for pediatric cancer research [EndPoints] One list points to the molecular targets that are likely to contribute to the growth or progression of at least one pediatric cancer, while the other identifies the targets of new drugs currently in development that would be automatically exempted from pediatric cancer study requirements.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
FDA Approves a New PARP Inhibitor for BRCA-mutant Breast Cancer [Cancer Research Catalyst] The approval of talazoparib was based on results from the randomized, phase III EMBRACA clinical trial. The results showed that among the 287 patients who received talazoparib, the median progression-free survival was 8.6 months. This was statistically significantly greater than the 5.6 months median progression-free survival among the 144 patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy.
	5.6 ESMO
ESMO advocacy for patient-centred care takes on global dimension [ESMO Press Release] Japan, Denmark, Estonia and Qatar join the global community of ESMO Designated Centers of Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care.
	5.9.1 ASTRO
High-dose radiation therapy substantially improves survival in patients once thought to be incurable [ASTRO] “Stereotactic radiation therapy needs to be delivered carefully and by an experienced team, and there is a small risk of very serious side effects, as well as mortality. But overall, for patients whose cancers have spread, and who are not expected to survive otherwise, the overall survival benefit of SABR appear to outweigh these risks.”
	6.1 Observation
How healthy will we be in 2040? [IHME] France (average lifespan 84.3 years), as compared to 82.3 years in 2016 and ranking also of eighth.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
The list price is not right: Trump’s plan to force pharma to advertise prices is misguided [STAT] One official from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services argued that more information is better than no information. Sorry, but just the opposite may be true in this case.
	6.14 Prix Nobel
Nobel Prize 2018: how the winning chemistry technique helped generate new cancer treatments [Cancer Research UK] It may not be obvious from the name, but phage display has had a huge impact on drug development and is used in many of our drug discovery labs today. The news was particularly significant for some of our scientists in Cambridge.
	6.8 Communication
Problematic PR releases: As evidence lags on proton therapy, hospitals lure patients with anecdotes and high-tech appeals [HealthNewsReview] While Beaumont’s patient-focused media strategy appears to be an extreme case, we routinely see hospital news releases that make grandiose safety and efficacy claims about proton therapy with no cautions about limited evidence and high costs.