Onco Actu du 5 septembre 2018

	1. Biologie
New clues found to understanding relapse in breast cancer [WUSTL] The researchers analyzed tumor samples from more than 2,500 patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, one of the most common forms of the disease. These cancer cells have receptors that bind to the hormone estrogen in the nucleus of the cell and drive tumor growth.
	4.5 Dép., diag. & prono. - Colorectal
Half of over-60s ignore lifesaving bowel cancer screening [Cancer Research UK] Averaged figures from 2010-15 in England showed that those from deprived areas were less likely to participate (43%) than those in wealthier regions (57%) and more women (56%) than men (47%) returned samples from the screening kits sent out in the post.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
Focused delivery for brain cancers [WUSTL] Interdisciplinary research brings together imaging, aerosols and pediatric neuro oncology to fight tumors.
Two Drugs Work Together to Block ‘Master Regulator’ of Breast, Other Cancers [NCI] The drug combination, arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) and tretinoin (also known as retinoic acid), has essentially turned acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from a fatal disease into a curable one. But the mechanism by which it kills cancer cells has been a mystery.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Unreported clinical trial of the week: Rociletinib (CO-1686) for patients with EFRG-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NCT02186301 & NCT02322281) [BMJ] Both of these unreported trials were sponsored by Clovis Oncology Inc. No PI is listed for either trial however both list numerous global study sites. As of 3 September 2018, Tiger-1 is 67 days and Tiger 3 is 65 days overdue to report. We hope the sponsor will report the results of these trials soon.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Immunotherapy could offer hope for some men with aggressive prostate cancers [Institute of Cancer Research] The researchers found that half of tumours with mismatch repair mutations had high levels of PD-L1, compared with only 9.8 per cent without these mutations – making men with these tumours much more likely to benefit from a checkpoint inhibitor drug.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Merck's Keytruda threatens Pfizer, Merck KGaA's Bavencio with Merkel cell 'priority' tag [FiercePharma] The FDA has tapped the New Jersey drugmaker’s immuno-oncology standout Keytruda for a priority review in Merkel cell carcinoma, an aggressive cancer that affects about 2,500 new patients each year in the U.S.
FDA Grants Priority Review to Merck’s Supplemental Biologics License Application for KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) for the Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma, a Rare Form of Skin Cancer [Merck] Application Based on Data from Phase 2 KEYNOTE-017 Trial.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
Merck gets partial thumbs-down on Keytruda in lymphoma from NICE cost-effectiveness watchdogs [FiercePharma] The company provided economic models for Keytruda in Hodgkin lymphoma patients who had failed stem cell transplants, but NICE found them to be faulty.
NHS to fund 'game-changing' personalised cancer drug [The Telegraph] The decision makes England the first country in Europe to fund the drug, which will be funded - within weeks - for children who would otherwise have no hope.
Deal for NHS to offer exciting new child cancer therapy [BBC News] The first three NHS hospitals to apply to use the CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell) therapy are in London, Manchester and Newcastle. The NHS has a limited pot of money, meaning tough choices have to be made about which treatments are affordable. The cash for CAR-T will come from the Cancer Drugs Fund, set up to fast-track access to the most promising new cancer treatments.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Britain loses medicines contracts as EU body anticipates Brexit [The Guardian] The decision by the European Medicines Agency to cut Britain out of its contracts seven months ahead of Brexit is a devastating blow to British pharmaceutical companies already reeling from the loss of the EMA’s HQ in London and with it 900 jobs.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
European Commission Grants Marketing Authorisation for Puma Biotechnology’s NERLYNX® (neratinib) for Extended Adjuvant Treatment of Hormone Receptor Positive HER2-Positive Early Stage Breast Cancer [Puma] EC approval was based on the Phase III ExteNET trial, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of neratinib following adjuvant trastuzumab treatment. Patients (n=2,840) with early stage HER2-positive breast cancer and within two years of completing adjuvant trastuzumab were randomized to receive either neratinib (n=1420) or placebo (n=1420) for one year.
	6.1 Observation
Severe fatty liver disease boosts risk for liver cancer [Reuters] The researchers analyzed Veterans Health Administration data on nearly 300,000 people with NAFLD and a similar number of people with healthy livers who were tracked for an average of 11 years.
	6.3 Associations/Fondations
When a parent gets cancer, what about the kids? [The Guardian] Nicola Dady set up a UK charity after seeing the impact her diagnosis had on her children.
	6.6 Publications
European science funders ban grantees from publishing in paywalled journals [Science] The move means grantees from these 11 funders—which include the national funding agencies in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France as well as Italy's National Institute for Nuclear Physics—will have to forgo publishing in thousands of journals, including high-profile ones such as Nature, Science, Cell, and The Lancet, unless those journals change their business model.
Science Without Publication Paywalls: cOAlition S for the Realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access [PLoS Medicine] We invite other funding agencies and research councils, as well as stakeholders (notably researchers, universities, libraries, and publishers) to join cOAlition S and thereby contribute to the swift realisation of our vision of science without publication paywalls.
Radical open-access plan could spell end to journal subscriptions [Nature] As written, Plan S would bar researchers from publishing in 85% of journals, including influential titles such as Nature and Science.
cOAlition S - Making Open Access a reality by 2020 [Science Europe] On 4 September 2018, 11 national research funding organisation, with the support of the European Commission including the European Research Council (ERC), announced the launch of cOAlition S, an initiative to make full and immediate Open Access to research publications a reality. It is built around Plan S, which consists of one target and 10 principles.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
Clinical Implications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning [JAMA] Clinicians, AI researchers, and developers of AI applications and devices should work together to accelerate progress and to limit adverse consequences of applying AI in health care. Rigorous translation pipelines will be needed to support their work.
From hype to reality: data science enabling personalized medicine [BMC Medicine] The lack of impact on clinical practice can largely be attributed to insufficient performance of predictive models, difficulties to interpret complex model predictions, and lack of validation via prospective clinical trials that demonstrate a clear benefit compared to the standard of care.
	6.7.3 DMP
Richard Smith: Ten years of working towards patients controlling their own health records [BMJ] Patients Know Best’s vision from the beginning was that our system would be web-based and pull in records from hospitals, general practice, mental health, community services, and social care. In this way a care system that is physically, financially, organisationally, and culturally fragmented can be integrated around the patient, the one constant in the system.
Good Documentation [JAMA] We click on the buttons that we have been told to click and hope it all somehow fits together. Sometimes, at the end of a long day when I have finally finished pointing, clicking, and pasting together my last note, I know in my heart that some of my documentation falls short of what my patients truly deserve.
	6.8 Communication
How Rachael Bland and You, Me & the Big C transformed the conversation around cancer [The Guardian] In January Bland took the idea for a podcast about living with cancer to 5 Live. She has now tweeted that she only has days to live. Bland and her fellow hosts changed the world for others, while their own worlds shifted around them.