Onco Actu du 27 septembre 2018

	2.5 Etiologie - Gènes
Cancer-related gene associations often reclassified, study says [UPI] Nearly 25 percent of genetic variants associated with cancer that were previously listed as "uncertain significance" are subsequently reclassified, frequently being downgraded to benign, according to a new study.
	2.7 Etiologie - Obésité
Breaking the link between obesity, gastrointestinal cancers [UNC] Hursting and his collaborators reviewed findings from a number of clinical trials that examined the effects of diet and other interventions on the prevention of gastrointestinal cancers, and the impact of physical activity, diet and weight loss surgery on mortality and other outcomes after a person has been diagnosed.
Separating fact from hype in the study of cancer and obesity [The Guardian] Cancer due to obesity is portrayed as a rising public health threat, despite the fact that it is projected to change hardly at all and despite the fact that the great success in combating tobacco consumption still leaves tobacco as the leading cause of preventable cancer now and for the next 25 years, even if we accept the study’s methodology.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Aspirin could play key role in treating some cancers [UPI] In an analysis of 71 studies involving 120,000 patients with cancer who took aspirin and 400,000 patients who did not, researchers found the proportion of patients still alive was 20 percent to 30 greater in those taking aspirin. The findings, which were published Tuesday in PLOS One, also found the spread of cancer to other parts of the body was substantially less among those using aspirin.
	3.9 Prévention - Contraceptifs
Contraceptive pill reduces risk of ovarian cancer, study finds [The Guardian] Writing in the BMJ, researchers from the University of Aberdeen and the University of Copenhagen, describe how they used a Danish database which brings together nation-wide information on individuals’ dispensed hormonal contraceptive prescriptions with other data, including their cancer records.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Urine liquid biopsies could help monitor bladder cancer treatment [Cancer Research UK] Unexpectedly, the Cancer Research UK-funded study showed that immune cells found in the urine were more representative of the tumour than immune cells from the blood, suggesting that urine, rather than blood liquid biopsies, could help to more accurately monitor response to immunotherapy in patients.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Oregon weighs plan to deny Medicaid payment for NGS as panel declares “no evidence of clinical utility” [The Cancer Letter] Brian Druker, director of the Knight Cancer Institute at the Oregon Health & Science University, said that the institute is doing everything it can to stop the subcommittee’s recommendation from becoming policy.
Experts call for genetic testing to personalise treatment for all children assessed for new cancer treatments [Institute of Cancer Research] They are calling for new funding and changes in clinical practice to turn the promise of the NHS Genomic Medicine Service into reality. Their call is being timed for Children’s Cancer Awareness Month, to maximise the chances that governments across the UK will listen.
	5. Traitements
Fecal microbiota transplantation helps restore beneficial bacteria in cancer patients [NIH] Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have shown that autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) is a safe and effective way to help replenish beneficial gut bacteria in cancer patients who require intense antibiotics during allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
	5.12.7 Immunothérapies - vaccins
Stimulating the Immune System Shrinks Some Slow-Growing Lymphomas [NCI] Even though the compound, called SD-101, was injected directly into a single tumor (a procedure called in situ vaccination), tumors elsewhere in the body frequently shrank as well, indicating that the immune-stimulating compound helped to induce a body-wide, or systemic, immune response.
	5.13 WCLC
Study Analyzes Use of Thoracic Radiotherapy for Limited-Stage SCLC [IASLC] A recent study demonstrated that using involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) and irradiating post-chemotherapy residual primary tumor volume for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) did not result in increased recurrence of the cancer.
“Patients First”Plenary/ IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer [IASLC] I’m a physician, but I’m here today in a different role—because in 2013, my husband,Paul Kalanithi,was diagnosed at 36 with stage IV EGFR-mutantnon-small cell lung cancer.
	5.13.1 WCLC - Immunothérapies
AstraZeneca sharpens Imfinzi's lung cancer edge with big survival win [FiercePharma] AstraZeneca's drug is already the only member of the PD-1/PD-L1 class to prove a benefit in the lung cancer maintenance setting. It picked up an FDA approval in February after showing that Imfinzi could ward off disease progression for 11.2 months longer than placebo could.
	5.13.2 WCLC - Thérapies ciblées
Takeda's Alunbrig trounces Pfizer drug in bid for earlier ALK lung cancer use [FiercePharma] Takeda's Alunbrig put up data this week showing it reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 51% compared with the New York pharma giant’s Xalkori. And that kind of showing means Alunbrig “has the potential to be a key player in the first-line setting,” lead study investigator Ross Camidge said in a statement.
	5.13.3 WCLC - Dépistage
NELSON screening study gives boost to CT screening in Europe [British Thoracic Oncology Group] The UK National Screening Committee has previously indicated that it would reconsider this after publication of NELSON results. The paper is now awaited in print form and will no doubt be scrutinised closely. However, the initial results shown in Toronto will now add huge impetus to calls to introduce a national screening programme.
Screening scans 'could cut lung cancer deaths’ [Cancer Research UK] Swanton called the results “hugely exciting” and said the potential for lung screening to cut lung cancer deaths was “the news we’ve been waiting years for”. “Now we need to see the full results published and considered as quickly as possible by the National Screening Committee,” he added.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
U.S.-Cuban biotech venture created to bring new cancer therapies to USA [Reuters] The Innovative Immunotherapy Alliance SA is the fruit of a three-year partnership between the Roswell Park Cancer Institute of Buffalo, New York and Cuba’s Center for Molecular Immunology begun following the historic 2014 U.S.-Cuban detente.
	6.10 Politiques
Brexit is already damaging European science [Nature] With six months to go, uncertainty posed by the decision to leave the European Union is taking its toll.
	6.9 Controverses
Statement from Cochrane’s Governing Board – 26th September 2018 [Cochrane] The Governing Board’s decision was based on an ongoing, consistent pattern of disruptive and inappropriate behaviours by Professor Gøtzsche, taking place over a number of years, which undermined this culture and were detrimental to the charity’s work, reputation and members.