Onco Actu du 26 septembre 2018

	1. Biologie
Most tumors in body share important mutations [NIH] Mathematical modeling of tumor growth and metastases development suggested that the probability that distinct mutations would drive different metastases within a given patient is only about 10%. The researchers hope to confirm these results in a larger study, using hundreds of samples taken from dozens of cancer types.
	2. Etiologie
Transplant-linked cancer deaths pose questions about safety [UW Medicine] Cancer transmission is less than 1 percent across all cases. UW Medicine transplant chief describes precautionary measures.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
Imperial to launch new e-cigarette alongside heated tobacco [Reuters] Some investors are concerned vaping devices will not be as profitable as cigarettes, but Cooper said the company had a clear route to similar levels of profitability.
FDA is considering banning online sales of e-cigarettes: Gottlieb [Reuters] Earlier this month the agency said it was considering banning flavored e-cigarettes as demand from young people has increased.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
More doctors say men should think twice about prostate cancer screening [Reuters] In drafting the guidelines, experts reviewed research results from studies involving a total of more than 700,000 men. The studies showed that if screening reduces prostate cancer deaths at all, the effect is very small.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
NIH-funded genome centers to accelerate precision medicine discoveries [NIH] Part of the All of Us Research Program, centers will sequence 1 million genomes.
	5. Traitements
5 Recent Advancements in Pediatric Cancer Treatment [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] From new immunotherapy treatments to improved understanding of the genetic mechanisms of pediatric tumors, the past year has brought many important advances against childhood cancers.
	5.1 Traitements - Pré-clinique
New drug candidate makes cancer cells more sensitive to radiotherapy [Karolinska Institutet] In the current study, the researchers discovered that cancer cells use a protein called PFKFB3 to repair the DNA damage that occurs in radiation therapy. They found that the protein locates to sites of DNA damage in the cell nucleus where the protein regulates the cancer cell's ability to repair its DNA and thus survive. The research groups at Kancera AB and Karolinska Institutet have now developed a new drug candidate which blocks the protein and its ability to repair DNA damage.
New Drug Blocks Pancreatic Cancer Growth in Mice, Study Finds [Cedars-Sinai] The study, published recently in the journal Gastroenterology, also demonstrated in mice that the drug, called Metavert, can prevent patients from developing a resistance to currently used pancreatic cancer chemotherapies.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Smuggling RNA into cells can activate the immune system to fight cancer [Stanford Medicine] The type of cell the researchers targeted in their study is called an antigen-presenting cell, or APC. APCs serve as a kind of bulletin board in an old West post office, displaying cancer proteins like "wanted" posters.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Transgene unveils myvacTM , an individualized immunotherapy against solid tumors [Transgene] myvacTM differs from autologous treatments since no biological material from the patient is used in the manufacturing process and as such is much easier to manufacture; it is a truly individualized approach that uses the information that is specific to the characteristics of each patient’s tumor.
	5.12.8 Immunothérapies - Economie
NICE decision could limit future development of CAR T therapies; Evelyn Warner comments on NICE's decision making process [Pharmafile] Lack of access to CAR T therapies in the United Kingdom could hinder the development of effective personalised cancer treatments, according to the London-based data analytics firm GlobalData.
	5.13.1 WCLC - Immunothérapies
Roche’s IMpower133 offers a glimpse at rare progress in fight against small cell lung cancer [EndPoints] The key metrics: Tecentriq plus chemo hit a median overall survival rate of 12.3 months, compared to 10.3 months for chemo alone — a significant 30% drop in the risk of death. The PFS hit 5.2 months versus 4.3 months with a hazard ration of a more modest 0.77.
Roche eyes $1B-plus Tecentriq nod with small-cell lung cancer survival win [FiercePharma] Now, Roche will work with regulators around the world “to bring this Tecentriq regimen to people living with this particularly difficult-to-treat form of lung cancer as soon as possible”—and to grab a market lead over its rivals, which have so far focused more on the significantly larger non-small-cell lung cancer market.
Roche’s Tecentriq in combination with chemotherapy helped people live significantly longer as an initial treatment for people with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer [Roche] First Phase III study to show a cancer immunotherapy-based combination significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the initial treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
AstraZeneca spells out a major drop in the risk of death for stage 3 NSCLC patients taking Imfinzi — and why that’s important [EndPoints] Their presentation spotlighted a 32% reduction in the risk of death — HR 0.68 — for these stage 3 patients, while the median OS rate had yet to be hit.
Atezolizumab Improves Outcomes for Small Cell Lung Cancer When Added to Standard-of-Care Treatment [IASLC] The study successfully met its co-primary endpoints of OS and investigator-assessed PFS.
AstraZeneca immunotherapy drug cuts lung cancer deaths by almost a third [Reuters] The encouraging overall survival data boost prospects for a medicine that was approved this week in Europe and has already had a promising U.S. commercial launch, based on its ability to slow disease progression.
PACIFIC Study Shows Durvalumab Improves Overall Survival in Patients with Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Progression after Chemoradiotherapy [IASLC] The PACIFIC trial was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of 713 patients in 235 study centers across 26 countries.
	5.13.2 WCLC - Thérapies ciblées
Takeda to Present Positive Data from ALUNBRIG® (brigatinib) ALTA-1L Trial Showing a Reduction in Risk of Disease Progression or Death of More Than 50 Percent Versus Crizotinib in First-Line Advanced ALK+ NSCLC [Takeda] ALTA-1L Met its Primary Endpoint Showing Superiority in Blinded Independent Review Committee-Assessed Progression-Free Survival Compared to Crizotinib.
LUME-Meso Study Shows Nintedanib Plus Pemetrexed/Cisplatin Does Not Improve Progression-Free or Overall Survival in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma of Epithelioid Subtype [IASLC] These results, which differed from the previously published Phase II data, do not support the use of nintedanib in combination with pemetrexed/cisplatin for patients with MPM of epithelioid subtype.
Interim Analysis of ALTA-1L Demonstrates Potential for Brigatinib as First-Line Treatment Option for ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [IASLC] The ALTA-1L study, an open-label, multicenter Phase III clinical trial of 275 patients, utilized a blinded independent review committee (BIRC) to assess brigatinib vs. crizotinib in patients with Stage IIIB/IV ALK+ NSCLC based on local ALK testing.
	5.13.3 WCLC - Dépistage
Trial Results Show Screening Significantly Reduces Lung Cancer Mortality Rates [Lung Cancer Alliance] “These results build on the landmark findings of the U.S. National Lung Screening Trial and provides the necessary European affirmation for the rollout of comprehensive lung cancer screening across Europe,” said James L. Mulshine, MD, Lung Cancer Alliance Board Member.
NELSON Study Shows CT Screening for Nodule Volume Management Reduces Lung Cancer Mortality by 26 Percent in Men [IASLC] Findings from a recent study demonstrate that the use of computed tomography (CT) screening among asymptomatic men at high risk for lung cancer led to a 26 percent (9-41%, 95% CI) reduction in lung cancer deaths at 10 years of study follow-up (at 86% compliance).
	5.2.3 Pharma - économie
TG stock sinks after setback to blood cancer trial [FierceBiotech] TG Therapeutics has abandoned plans to seek accelerated FDA approval of its ublituximab-umbralisib (U2) combination in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The biotech made the decision because its phase 3 overall response rate (ORR) data “were not sufficiently mature to conduct the analysis.”
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
EMA Recommends Extension of Therapeutic Indications for Enzalutamide [ESMO] New indication concerns the treatment of adult men with high-risk non-metastatic CRPC.
	6.12 Ethique
One top oncologist failed to disclose payments from big pharma. That hurts all cancer patients [The Guardian] “I know, I know,” a patient snapped at me this week. “Of course, you want me to have chemo, they pay you to sell it.” This 35-year old, self-described cynic has a curable cancer, but prefers vitamin infusions because he is convinced that providers like me are in the pocket of big pharma.
Cancer Center Switches Focus on Fund-Raising as Problems Mount [NY Times] The fallout has led medical and academic experts to call for tighter disclosure rules on potential conflicts of interest in the cancer research fields and among major nonprofit organizations. Dr. Thompson and Dr. Lisa DeAngelis, acting physician-in-chief, acknowledged the issue of low morale in an email to the staff on Monday.
	6.6 Publications
Next Steps for ORCID and Organization Identifiers [ORCID] Crossref and DataCite, together with other stakeholders, are now working on a proposal to launch and manage an open independent organization identifier registry. We are pleased that this effort is going forward, and while we continue to actively support this work, we have decided to not directly participate for two reasons.
No more first authors, no more last authors [Nature] If we really want transdisciplinary research, we must ditch the ordered listing of authors that stalls collaborative science, says Gretchen L. Kiser.
	6.7.3 DMP
Paper Trails: Living and Dying With Fragmented Medical Records [Undark] I eagerly await the day a universal electronic health record connects the dots. But it’s not that day, so we in the health care system must do everything in our power to deliver good care to those who trust us with it. We will continue to push papers through fax machines, to wait on hold as we cold-call those who may provide answers, and to repeat tests from scratch when we’re stalled. We know it’s not a perfect system. We know there will be gaps. But what choice do we have?