Onco Actu du 17 septembre 2018

	1. Biologie
Protein analysis uncovers new medulloblastoma subtypes [MIT News] Research team shows the power of proteomics to discover new drug targets and help develop therapeutic strategies with fewer long-term side effects.
	2. Etiologie
Children Who Develop Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia May Have Dysregulated Immune Function At Birth [AACR] “This may link to other observations suggesting that children who develop ALL respond differently to infections in early childhood, potentially promoting subsequent genetic events required for transformation to ALL, or speculations that they are unable to eliminate preleukemic cells.”
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
Number of vapers tops 3 million for first time in Britain [Cancer Research UK] Vaping remains a popular choice for those looking to quit tobacco cigarettes in 2018, with 62% of ex-smokers who vape and 40% of current smokers who vape doing so to help kick the habit or stay away from tobacco.
U.S. health secretary backs proposed FDA crackdown on e-cigarettes [Reuters] “We are not going to permit e-cigarettes to become a pathway to nicotine dependency” or the use of combustible tobacco, Azar said in an interview with CNBC. He said he disagreed with a belief that banning e-cigarettes would push youth towards traditional cigarettes.
	3.4.1 Chimioprévention - aspirine
Daily low-dose aspirin found to have no effect on healthy life span in older people [NIH] The group taking aspirin had an increased risk of death compared to the placebo group: 5.9 percent of participants taking aspirin and 5.2 percent taking placebo died during the study. This effect of aspirin has not been noted in previous studies; and caution is needed in interpreting this finding.
Daily aspirin unlikely to help healthy older people live longer, study finds [The Guardian] Many of the extra deaths were due to cancer, but Leslie Ford from the National Cancer Institute in Maryland said that until the team had analysed more data, the cancer findings “should be interpreted with caution”.
Low-Dose Aspirin Late in Life? Healthy People May Not Need It [NY Times] One disturbing result puzzled the researchers because it had not occurred in previous studies: a slightly greater death rate among those who took aspirin, mostly because of an increase in cancer deaths — not new cancer cases, but death from the disease.
	5. Traitements
Making chemotherapy kinder for childhood leukaemia [Cancer Research UK] But interestingly, my results showed that although children on each dose were given the same amount of dexamethasone for their size, the concentration in their bodies varied dramatically. It suggests that children are processing the drug differently, which may help to explain why no difference was seen between the two doses.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
Europe’s academics fail to report results for 90% of clinical trials [Nature] The researchers who conducted the analysis found that only 11% of trials run by academic centres — such as those led by universities, governments, hospitals or charities — had published outcomes after completion.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T, thérapies cellulaires
Putting Natural Killer Cells to the Test in Cancer Immunotherapy [Dan-Farber Cancer Institute] Although donated NK cells appear to be safe, their effectiveness against different types of cancer is still unclear; one hurdle has been their limited persistence once infused into the recipient. “My focus now is getting them to last longer,” says Romee.
Institut Curie announces creation of Honing Biosciences [Institut Curie] Honing Biosciences is the first company in which the Institut Curie has invested since the implementation of its new technology transfer policy in 2017 and the creation of a dedicated division to support the creation of start-ups resulting from the work of its teams.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Moxetumomab Approved by FDA for Hairy Cell Leukemia [NCI] The action by FDA makes moxetumomab the first treatment approved for this group of patients. The approval was based on the findings from an 80-patient clinical trial sponsored by the drug’s manufacturer, MedImmune.
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Ten years after the economic crash, R&D funding is better than ever [Nature] In nations such as Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom, which have strong economies and innovation sectors, R&D funding levels remained robust in both the public and private sectors. Germany, for example, has increased its public funding by 46% since 2008, from US$23 billion to $34 billion in 2016.
	6.1 Observation
For Elderly Women With Breast Cancer, Surgery May Not Be the Best Option [NY Times] Nursing home patients may be frail or have other diseases, leading some doctors to advise hormone therapy rather than operations.
	6.11 Patients
2-Year-Old Boy With Deadly Cancer Gets an Early Christmas From His Neighbors [NY Times] Five weeks ago, Brody Allen’s parents were told that their 2-year-old son’s rare form of brain cancer meant he had two months to live. The boy’s family realized that he probably wouldn’t be able to enjoy one more Christmas. So they decided to celebrate early, putting up a tree and decorations, and their Ohio neighborhood followed suit.
	6.12 Ethique
José Baselga resigns from MSK over disclosure controversy [FierceBiotech] Lisa DeAngelis, M.D., a neuro-oncologist, is set to fill the physician-in-chief post vacated by Baselga on an interim basis. MSK is now set to search for a permanent successor to Baselga.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Statement on Resignation of Dr. José Baselga [BMS] Bristol-Myers Squibb is committed to the highest standards of ethics, compliance and integrity. These principles are central to the Company’s mission and our ability to deliver innovative medicines to patients with serious disease.
Why do medical journals keep taking authors at their word? [STAT] It seems clear, then, that it is time to take this responsibility away from journals, or at least add another layer. What’s needed is a single pool of conflicts data — one that captures cash payments, patents, stock holdings, board seats (both corporate and foundations), funding sources for research — against which editors can screen authors.
	6.2 Implants mammaires
Statement from Binita Ashar, M.D., of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health on agency’s commitment to studying breast implant safety [FDA] In light of the growing science regarding the benefits and risks of breast implants, we intend to hold a public meeting of the General and Plastic Surgery Devices Panel of our Medical Devices Advisory Committee in 2019 to ensure that patients and health care providers continue to have accurate, scientifically sound information about breast implant safety and effectiveness, and to promote public dialogue on the issue.
	6.3 Associations/Fondations
Mark Zuckerberg is selling up to $13 billion of Facebook stock to fund an ambitious project to end disease: Here's an early look inside [CNBC] CZI is one of the biggest backers of an initiative called the Human Cell Atlas, which aims to map out every single cell in the human body. That would represent an example of a new kind of data-set that cannot be achieved by a single scientist or group.
	6.6 Publications
Not all academics are comfortable with the idea of open peer review [LSE Impact Blog] Demands for greater openness and transparency may appear positive, but in practice may cause some academics greater stress and anxiety. Not all peer reviewers are equally qualified nor are all of them native English speakers.
NEJM doubles down on refusal to retract article Dartmouth says is plagiarized [STAT] “The communication from COPE does not change our decision, and our view matches that of the U.S. Office of Research Integrity, which determined that the case represents an authorship dispute,” NEJM spokesperson Jennifer Zeis told STAT and Retraction Watch.
	6.9 Controverses
Turmoil erupts over expulsion of member from leading evidence-based medicine group [STAT] Gøtzsche, Cochrane member Tom Jefferson, and another colleague ruffled feathers at Cochrane with a July 2018 article that criticized a recent paper from the Collaboration on the safety of the HPV vaccine. The paper prompted a rebuttal from Cochrane that dismissed the concerns and stood behind the original findings.
Evidence-based medicine group in turmoil after expulsion of co-founder [Science] Gøtzsche helped found the organization in 1993 and started the Nordic Cochrane Center in Denmark that same year. Today, Cochrane has a network of many thousands of volunteer reviewers as well as independent Cochrane Groups in 43 countries; it does not accept industry money but is supported primarily by government agencies, including the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the U.K. National Institute for Health Research.