Onco Actu du 10 septembre 2018

	1. Biologie
Study May Lead to New Approaches to Treating Early, Smoldering Myeloma [Dana-Farber Cancer Institute] Dana-Farber scientists and an international team of researchers have tracked the genomic changes that occur as smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) advances to myeloma. Their findings lay the groundwork for tests that can identify patients whose SMM is likely to progress rapidly to myeloma, and who could benefit from prompt treatment.
Exosomes May Help Tumors Evade Immune System [NCI] The researchers likened the PD-L1-studded exosomes to a fleet of drones engaged in preemptive strikes, moving throughout the body to thwart an antitumor attack before immune cells—namely those known as cytotoxic T cells—ever have a chance to reach the tumor.
	3.1.1 Prévention - Tabac - e-cigs
Adolescent Users of Juul, Other E-Cigarette Pods Exposed to Nearly As Much Nicotine as Smokers, Study Shows [Roswell Park] New generation of vape products contain high concentrations of nicotine salts, which are more readily absorbed.
Council’s vaping project with British American Tobacco labelled ‘a disgrace’ [The Guardian] Emails obtained under the Freedom of Information Act reveal that the multinational tobacco giant and Birmingham city council are piloting a project to promote BAT’s vaping products to smokers who want to kick the habit.
	4.1 Dép., diag. & prono. - Prostate
Researchers Identify Pitfall in Popular Prostate Cancer PET Imaging Method [SNMI] Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become a popular method for determining the stage of a patient’s prostate cancer. However, researchers have identified a major pitfall in this imaging technique and are cautioning medical professionals to be aware of the potential for misdiagnosis when relying solely on PSMA PET.
	4.2 Dép., diag. & prono. - Génome
Study Suggests More People with Kidney Cancer Should Be Screened for Hereditary Cancer Genes [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center] Research conducted at MSK has shown that more than 20% of people with a type of kidney cancer called advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma have disease that is driven by inherited cancer mutations. This number is much higher than expected.
	4.9 Dép., diag. & prono. - Sein
Biomarker tests in breast cancer: New study data indicate advantage for certain patients [IQWiG] One of the questions investigated by the TAILORx study was whether, in women with intermediate Oncotype risk score (11 to 25), recurrences were notably more frequent without additional chemotherapy than with chemotherapy. For all participants overall, there were no statistically significant differences. The women’s age apparently made a difference, however.
Scientists develop new way to identify breast cancer tumors [USC] Aided by machine learning, the researchers taught a computer to rapidly sort images of breast tumors to identify which ones had estrogen receptors, a key to determining prognosis and treatment options. That’s a big step forward from microscopes and cell biopsies in use for more than a century, according to the scientists.
	5.12 Immunothérapies
Immunotherapy May Be Efficacious in Patients With HIV-associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma [AACR] Galanina and colleagues analyzed data from nine men with Kaposi’s sarcoma treated with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors at Moores Cancer Center between August 2013 and December 2017. All patients had received retroviral therapy and a median of one prior line of treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma. Eight patients were treated with nivolumab (Opdivo), while one patient was treated with pembrolizumab (Keytruda).
	5.2 Pharma
Exelixis Announces New Recommendations for CABOMETYX® (Cabozantinib) Tablets in Updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines [Exelixis] With the updates, CABOMETYX is recommended by the NCCN for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) regardless of patient risk status (favorable-, intermediate-, and poor-risk).
	6. Lutte contre les cancers
Jennifer Doudna Opens Laboratory at the Gladstone Institutes [Gladstone] Guided by colleague and junior faculty member, Christof Fellmann, PhD, the team will also use CRISPR technology to better understand the genetics of certain cancers like glioblastoma. Ultimately, they hope to find new therapeutic targets to probe the genes that these cancers become dependent upon.
	6.12 Ethique
MSK Cancer Center Orders Staff to ‘Do a Better Job’ of Disclosing Industry Ties [NY Times] The email, which was labeled an “important message,” referred directly to an article published this weekend by The New York Times and ProPublica about the failure of Dr. José Baselga, the cancer center’s chief medical officer, to disclose his extensive industry relationships in dozens of research articles since 2013.
Top Cancer Researcher Fails to Disclose Corporate Financial Ties in Major Research Journals [ProPublica & NY Times] A senior official at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has received millions of dollars in payments from companies that are involved in medical research. His omissions expose how weakly conflict-of-interest rules are enforced by journals.
	6.6 Publications
Open Access With A Vengeance [In the Pipeline] This has to be the loudest and highest-caliber shot yet across the bow of the current subscription model in scientific publishing. How will Elsevier, Springer/Nature, Wiley and the others react? How will the scientific societies themselves react? That latter question will emphasize that some of them are, in fact, more publishers than they are scientific societies, at least as how that latter term is popularly perceived.
PNAS to Stop Publishing Its Print Edition in 2019 [The Scientist] The move to online-only will allow for articles to be longer in length.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
UK Government to invest £200m in IT and technology boost for NHS [Pharmafile] The UK Government has lifted the curtain on plans invest more than £200 million to leverage innovations in technology and artificial intelligence to transform the NHS into “the most advanced health system in the world”.
	6.7.2 Applis
23andMe Cuts Off the DNA App Ecosystem It Created [Wired] Fearing pseudoscience and privacy breaches, 23andMe is shutting down access to the third-party diet, fitness and other apps that relied on its data.
	6.9 Controverses
Research data should be available long-term…but who is going to pay? [LSE Impact Blog] Since discussions with funding bodies held by individual institutions do not seem to have been fruitful, perhaps the time has come for some joined-up national (or international) efforts.