Onco Actu du 28 juin 2018

	1. Biologie
Using the principles of evolution to treat and prevent cancer [STAT] Controlling cancer requires thoughtful manipulation to direct cellular evolutionary trajectories, not brute force.
	2. Etiologie
Cancer-causing virus HTLV-1 changes DNA loops, affecting thousands of genes [imperial College] A human virus that causes a rare form of leukaemia increases the risk of disease by changing the way DNA loops inside our cells.
	4.12 Biopsies liquides
Artificial Intelligence to Boost Liquid Biopsies [The Scientist] Because of this limitation, only targeted assays of known cancer mutations have so far been possible. But many cancers lack a simple set of known mutations that can identify a tumor and, subsequently, determine the best treatment option. That’s where machine-learning comes in.
	5. Traitements
What Can Cancer Specialists Learn From Patients Who Beat All The Odds? [NPR] Based at Harvard Medical School, the project aims to become the first national registry for exceedingly rare cancer patients who beat overwhelming odds and respond mysteriously — even uniquely — well to treatments that failed to help others.
	5.10 Traitements - Essais
With Lynparza's first-line ovarian cancer win, AstraZeneca and Merck get a shot at $1B sales boost [FiercePharma] Because the SOLO-1 trial focused on women with BRCA mutations, an approval would require doctors to test their patients before therapy, a potential hurdle to uptake.
AstraZeneca’s PARP Drug Is First to Help New Ovarian Cancer Patients [Xconomy] The SOLO-1 study could help move olaparib forward in the treatment paradigm for ovarian cancer patients, becoming the first of the three to prove its worth as a first-line treatment after chemo. The data only show a benefit for BRCA mutated ovarian cancer patients, however, not all patients.
Clinical trial success for AstraZeneca's key ovarian cancer drug [The Telegraph] Last year Lynparza generated sales of $297m (£225.5m), a 36pc increase on a year earlier.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T, thérapies cellulaires
AbbVie powers CAR-macrophage startup Carisma to $53M A round [FierceBiotech] Combining CARs with macrophages, not T cells, is intended to create therapies better equipped to take out solid tumors than CAR-Ts. Modified T cells struggle to reach solid tumors and survive in the immunosuppressive microenvironment that surrounds them, leading to weaker efficacy than is seen in blood cancers.
	5.2 Pharma
U.S. FDA Grants Priority Review for Pfizer’s New Drug Application for Glasdegib in Patients with Previously Untreated Acute Myeloid Leukemia [Pfizer] Submission Based on Data from Randomized Phase 2 Trial, Which Showed Glasdegib in Combination with Chemotherapy Nearly Doubled Overall Survival Compared to Chemotherapy Alone.
	5.2.1 Pharma - Partenariats
AbbVie and Calico Announce Extension of Groundbreaking Collaboration [AbbVie] Collaboration focuses on aging and age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
	5.3.4 Traitements - AMM (FDA, EMA,...)
Ready to challenge Novartis and Roche, Array scores FDA nod for melanoma combo [FiercePharma] Array's path to its first approval wasn't without speed bumps. Founded 20 years ago, Array previously sought approval for Mektovi to treat NRAS-mutant melanoma, but the company pulled the application last year after the FDA said efficacy data weren't strong enough. Now, Array has its first two drug approvals on the same day.
Array wrestles FDA OK for its MEK/BRAF melanoma combo, to hit the pharmacy as Mektovi and Braftovi [EndPoints] This is the first OK for its combo, which is slated to go up primarily against Novartis’ rival duo Tafinlar+Mekinist in the advanced BRAF mutant melanoma sector.
Array Biopharma Announces FDA Approval Of Braftovi™ (Encorafenib) In Combination With Mektovi® (Binimetinib) [Array Biopharma] Approval based on Phase 3 COLUMBUS trial which demonstrated nearly 15 months median progression-free survival.
Array BioPharma gets FDA nod for melanoma combo treatment [Reuters] The combination therapy, which consists of encorafenib and binimetinib, was approved based on the company’s late-stage trial, whose results were released earlier this month.
	6.1 Observation
NIH study associates obesity with lower breast cancer risk in young women [NIH] While Sandler and her colleagues are unsure why young, premenopausal women with a high BMI appear to be protected against breast cancer, she cautions that young women should not intentionally gain weight to lower their breast cancer risk.
	6.6 Publications
Retracted papers keep being cited as if they weren’t retracted. Two researchers suggest how Elsevier could help fix that. [Retraction Watch] Since the vast majority of Elsevier articles are not open access, it is a bit strange that they choose to have retracted articles completely open access.
2017 Journal Impact Factors Feature Citation Distributions [The Scholarly Kitchen] In sum, the 2018 edition of the JCR shows an earnest attempt to address constructively the demands of the research community. However, poor implementation of their journal performance dashboard may prevent these improvements from being used and may actively encourage misuse and abuse by predatory publishers.
	6.7 DMP, Big Data & applis
The Topol Review [NHS] This will enable NHS staff to make the most of game-changing technologies such as genomics, digital medicine, artificial intelligence and robotics to improve services and help ensure a sustainable NHS.
	6.9 Controverses
Personalised cancer medicine: What’s the evidence it works? [Cancer World] Cancer World invited Curigliano and Hickman to debate the topic to help clarify the key differences between their two perspectives, and see if they could find any common ground.