Onco Actu du 31 mai 2018

	1. Biologie
Advancing Disease Modeling in Animal-Based Research in Support of Precision Medicine Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) [National Academies Press] The workshop was designed to focus on the development, implementation, and interpretation of model organisms to advance and accelerate the field of precision medicine. Participants examined the extent to which next-generation animal models, designed using patient data and phenotyping platforms targeted to reveal and inform disease mechanisms, will be essential to the successful implementation of precision medicine.
Mathematical model explains why metastasis can occur even when cancer is caught early [Penn Today] Biology researchers using evolutionary and ecological theory show how different cancer cell lineages compete for dominance.
	3. Prévention
Everyday changes to diet and exercise could avoid 26,000 cases of cancer a year in women [Cancer Research UK] The latest figures, calculated from 2015 cancer data, found that whilst smoking remains the biggest preventable cause of cancer, everyday changes to live a little more healthily can have a large impact.
	3.1 Prévention - Tabac
Smoking down, but tobacco use still a major cause of death, disease - WHO [Reuters] Launching the WHO’s global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking, he said that industrialized countries are making faster progress than developing countries.
	4.5 Dép., diag. & prono. - Colorectal
American Cancer Society Updates Colorectal Cancer Screening Guideline [ACS] Change comes in response to increasing incidence in young and middle-aged populations.
Get Screened Earlier For Colorectal Cancer, Urges American Cancer Society [NPR] Despite the high cure rate when colon cancer is caught early, only two-thirds of Americans over 50 get screened.
Cancer group says colon screening should start at 45, not 50 [STAT] Doctors will probably look to specialty medical societies to sort out the different guidelines, said Dr. Marcus Plescia, of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. But it may take a little while before they offer clear advice.
Colon and rectal cancer screenings should start at 45, new guidelines say [CNN] "The evidence is now absolutely clear, and I can't emphasize how carefully this was done. It took us two years of work to provide a compelling argument and evidence that the screening age for everyone should begin at age 45, not age 50."
Cancer Group Calls for Colorectal Cancer Screening Starting at Age 45 [NY Times] Dr. Thomas Weber, who is the co-chairman of an early-age onset colon cancer task group for the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable but who was not involved in writing the new recommendation, called lowering the age for first screening “a game changer” that could save thousands of lives.
	5.12.1 Immunothérapies - partenariats
Following ASCO preview flop, Syndax bets on new combo deal with Nektar [EndPoints] The hope is that entinostat, Syndax’s oral, small molecule Class 1 specific HDAC inhibitor, could be put to good use alongside NKTR-214, the CD122-biased agonist that was the impetus behind Bristol-Myers’ $3.6 billion deal with Nektar back in February.
	5.12.2 Immunothérapies - CAR-T
Janssen Announces Initiation of Phase 1b/2 Clinical Development Program Evaluating JNJ-68284528 CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma [Janssen] Planned Start of Clinical Program and Clearance of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Investigational New Drug Application Reflect Progress in Strategic Partnership with Legend Biotech.
J&J hustles Legend’s promising BCMA CAR-T into PhI/II trial, winning an FDA green light to begin recruiting patients [EndPoints] BCMA — or B cell Maturation Antigen— has become a hot target in the booming I/O world, as developers turn to it as the second most popular field that now accounts for 753 cell therapy development programs, with 404 CAR-Ts —an overall increase of 87% in 6 months.
	5.12.5 Immunothérapies - Pharma
Eying Clinical Trials, Shattuck Labs Adds $46M for Immunotherapy R&D [FierceBiotech] Its drug would work as a checkpoint inhibitor, blocking molecules that put a brake on the immune system. The drug would also stimulate certain receptors (the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of proteins) on T cells, the immune system’s cancer-killing cells.
	5.12.7 Immunothérapies - vaccins
Brain cancer vaccine effective in some patients [WUSTL] “In general, patients with this cancer live 15 to 17 months. The surprising part was that the 100 ‘extended survivors’ don’t appear to have the usual characteristics associated with a good prognosis. We are continuing to study these patients to understand why they have done so well.”
Northwest Bio's long-awaited glioblastoma vaccine data see stock roller coaster [FierceBiotech] The DCVax-L trial was first registered in 2002, so Northwest's shareholders have been waiting a while for these data. So long that a shareholder even asked in 2017: Where’s the phase 3 data for your leading cancer vax candidate DCVax?
A Glioblastoma Vaccine? Not Yet. [In the Pipeline] The entire dendritic-cell-vaccine idea that the company is working on has been kicking around for at least twenty years now, with little success, and DCVax itself first entered the clinic in 2002.
	5.2 Pharma
New report and resources put cancer in context, showing more than 1,100 medicines and vaccines in development [PhRMA] Immuno-oncology and personalized medicines are ushering in a new era of cancer understanding and treatment. Immunotherapies like CAR-T and checkpoint inhibitors are further harnessing the body’s own immune system to recognize and kill cancerous tumor cells.
Clovis Oncology Announces European Commission Authorization Of Rubraca® (Rucaparib) For Women With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer [Clovis Oncology] First PARP inhibitor licensed for ovarian treatment indication in the EU.
	5.3 Traitements - FDA, EMA, NICE...
Calling Out the FDA's 'We Don't Regulate Medicine' Mantra [Vinay Prasad-Medscape] The cop who says, "I don't tell people how to drive" is right. But when someone blows past at 92 miles an hour and the cop doesn't act, you might respond, "But you enforce the speed limit, right?" Similarly, the FDA doesn't tell you how to practice medicine. But they do say that regular approval requires validated surrogate endpoints, and they don't enforce that rule.
	6.10.1 Politiques (USA)
Trump signs right-to-try legislation, making controversial measure law of the land [STAT] Opponents of the law say Trump’s promises to help thousands or even hundreds of thousands are grossly unrealistic. It isn’t clear that any patients have successfully utilized the dozens of state laws that attempt to give patients a similar pathway for expanded treatments.
Trump signs ‘right-to-try’ bill, says voluntary drug price cuts coming in two weeks [EndPoints] FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said in a statement: “At the FDA, we stand ready to implement this legislation in a way that achieves Congress’ intent to promote access and protect patients.”
Trump says drug companies to announce 'massive' price cuts soon [Reuters] Health care lobbyists in Washington said they were caught by surprise and had no idea what Trump was talking about.
	6.6 Publications
Who gets credit? Survey digs into the thorny question of authorship [Nature] The lack of consensus shows that researchers need an updated concept of authorship, says Liz Allen, director of strategic initiatives at the publisher F1000 in London, who in 2014 co-founded a project to classify authors’ contributions into 14 roles.
	6.7.1 IA/bioinformatique
For Some Hard-To-Find Tumors, Doctors See Promise In Artificial Intelligence [NPR] When it comes to developing AI, "sometimes people say, 'oh just take a bunch of cases and put them in a computer and the computer will figure out what to do'," Fishman says. "That's nonsensical."
	6.9 Controverses
DNA donors must demand stronger protection for genetic privacy [STAT] DNA databases like All of Us could provide valuable medical breakthroughs such as identifying new disease risk factors and potential drug targets. But these benefits could come with a high price: increased risk to individuals’ genetic data privacy, something that current U.S. laws do not adequately protect.